马克思“资本一般”和“许多资本”理论与中国资本问题研究

“Capital in General” and “Many Capitals” in Marx’s Theory and the Research on Problems of Capital in China

马克思在《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》中提出的“资本一般”和“许多资本”理论,对资本的本质和特性、展开形式和行为规律等问题作出系统阐释,对资本的历史性、社会性和阶级性特征作出深入解析,凝练了马克思关于资本理论的思想精粹,彰显了新发展阶段中国特色资本问题研究的挈领要义。“资本一般”和“许多资本”理论的基本思想和主要方法,对新发展阶段资本“特性”和资本“行为规律”两个主要方面问题的理解,对资本作为生产要素的作用和意义的定位,对资本治理的基本思路和基本途径的探索,对资本“人格化”特征的新的判断等都有重要启迪,对深入理解习近平提出的“正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律”,“深化社会主义市场经济条件下资本理论研究”有着重要指导意义。

The theory of "capital in general" and many capitals",which was put forward by Marx in his Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858,systematically interpretates the nature and characteristics of capital,its forms of development and behavioral laws,and makes an in-depth analysis of the historic,social as well as class characteristics of capital,condensing the essence of Marx’ s thought on capital theory and highlighting the essentials of the research on capital with Chinese characteristics in the new stage of development.The basic ideas and main methods of the theory of "capital in general" and "many capitals",the understanding of the characteristics and behavioral laws of capital,the positioning of the role and significance of capital as a factor of production,the exploration of the basic ideas and ways of governance of capital,and the new judgement of the personification characteristics of capital are all important inspiration,providing significant guidance on a thorough understanding of Xi Jinping’s proposal to "correctly understand and grasp the characteristics and behavioral laws of capital" and"deepen research on the theory of capital under the conditions of socialist market economy".