自适应阶次跟踪技术在走行部故障诊断中的应用

Application of Adaptive Order Tracking Technology in Running Gear Fault Diagnosis

在杭海城际列车走行部齿轮箱监测中应用一种自适应阶次跟踪技术,对列车运行时轴箱轴承、齿轮箱、电机等走行部旋转部件的振动信号进行分析,尝试解决采用固定时间间隔的信号采样策略导致的故障信号采样模糊问题。采用自适应阶次跟踪技术可以将时域上的非稳定信号转化成角域上的稳定信号,以此在无量纲时间定义的频率谱上捕捉到清晰的故障信号并建立阶比谱,实现对真实时间定义的设备振动信号频谱构建。研究成果应用在杭海城际列车上,结果表明,在列车走行部振动监测中采用自适应阶次跟踪技术,可以很好地避免列车行驶过程中由于变速导致的信号采样模糊问题,是一种可靠的列车走行部旋转部件故障诊断技术。

An adaptive order tracking technology is applied to the gearbox monitoring of the running gear of Hangzhou-Haining intercity train to analyze the vibration signals of axle box bearings,gearboxes,motors and other rotating parts of the running gear during train operation,and try to solve the fuzzy problem of fault signal sampling caused by the signal sampling strategy with fixed time interval.Since the rotational angular velocity of the wheels will change during train operation,and its characteristic frequency and fault frequency will change simultaneously,if sampling is carried out based on a fixed time interval,the collected fault signal frequency will not be a specific value,but a range determined by the train speed,and the signal energy will be dispersed in this range.This causes the frequency range of the fault signal to be fuzzy and the signal strength to be reduced.When the adaptive order tracking technology is adopted,the unstable signals in the time domain can be converted into stable signals in the angular domain by dynamically adjusting the sampling frequency with the running speed of the train,so as to capture clear fault signals on the frequency spectrum defined by dimensionless time and establish an order spectrum,thus realizing the construction of the equipment vibration signal spectrum defined by real time.The research results are applied to the Hangzhou-Haining intercity train.The results show that the adaptive order tracking technology is adopted in the vibration monitoring of the running gear of the train,which can well avoid the fuzzy problem of fault signal sampling caused by variable speed running of train.It is a reliable fault diagnosis technology for the running gear of the train.