基于活细胞及其衍生物的药物递送系统研究进展

Research Progress of Drug Delivery Systems Based on Living Cells and Their Derivatives

目前,对病变组织或细胞的靶向性不足是药物递送研究领域存在的一个重大挑战。大量研究表明,基于纳米颗粒的靶向药物递送系统已经给癌症治疗带来新希望,但仍存在生物相容性差、不可控降解、细胞毒性高和具有免疫原性等问题。相比之下,活细胞及其衍生物通常具有固有的靶向能力、高载药能力和生物屏障穿透能力,可作为药物载体控制药物释放,从而提高药物在病灶组织或细胞的累积和治疗效率。首先综述了免疫细胞、无核细胞、干细胞、细菌等活细胞及其衍生物作为药物递送载体的主要研究进展;同时,对不同载药系统的靶向递送机制及优缺点进行了阐述;最后,对活细胞及其衍生物作为递药载体的临床转化潜力进行了展望。

Currently, one of the significant challenges remaining in the field of drug delivery research is insufficient targeting to diseased tissues or cells. The massive research indicated that, targeted drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have shown a new hope in cancer treatment, but there still exist some problems including poor biocompatibility, uncontrollable degradation, high cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. In contrast, living cells usually have innate targeting ability, high drug loading capability and biological barrier penetration ability, and can be used as drug delivery vehicles to control drug release, so as to improve the accumulation and treatment efficiency of drugs on the focal tissues or cells. This review dwelled on the researches of immune cells, anucleated cells, stem cells, bacteria and their derivatives as drug delivery carriers. Meanwhile, the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of different drug delivery systems were also discussed. Finally, the potential for clinical transformation and the prospect of live cells and their derivatives as drug delivery carriers were proposed.