声敏剂在肿瘤声动力治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Sonosensitizers in Tumor Sonodynamic Therapy

发展肿瘤治疗新方法对提高癌症病人的生存率具有重要意义。声动力治疗(sonodynamic therapy,SDT)是近年来快速发展的一种肿瘤治疗新方法,具有非侵入性、高时空分辨性和低毒副作用等优点。SDT是利用超声波激发肿瘤部位的声敏剂,使其吸收能量并与肿瘤中的氧气作用产生毒性活性氧,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡或坏死,其核心是开发安全且高效的声敏剂。讨论了SDT作用的可能机理,重点介绍了近年来可用于SDT的声敏剂的研究进展,包括有机分子、无机纳米和有机-无机杂化纳米声敏剂,并对其肿瘤治疗效果进行了评价。最后,指出了当前SDT存在的挑战和未来走向临床应用的发展方向。

Developing new methods that can effectively cure tumors is of significance to improve the survival rate of cancer patients. Sonodynamic therapy(SDT) is a new tumor treatment method developed rapidly in recent years, and it exhibits some advantages such as non-invasiveness, high temporal and spatial resolution and low side effects. SDT uses ultrasound to stimulate sonosensitizers accumulated at the tumor site, and then the sonosensitizers absorb ultrasound energy and interact with oxygen in the tumor to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS) which further induce tumor cells apoptosis or necrosis. The key of SDT is to develop safe and efficient sonosensitizers. This review firstly discusses the possible mechanism of SDT. Then, the research progress of sonosensitizers that have been used in SDT in recent years is introduced, including organic molecule sonosensitizers, inorganic nano sonosensitizers, and organic-inorganic hybrid nano sonosensitizers, and their tumor therapeutic efficacies are also evaluated. Finally, the existing challenges of SDT and the development direction of SDT for future clinic application are discussed.