张静庐与战时出版审查制度——兼论出版策略的转变与“大众取向”

Zhang Jinglu and the Wartime Censorship in Publishing,also on the Change of Publishing Strategy and the“Mass Orientation”

战前的张静庐以一个“精明”而游离于政治场之外的出版家形象混迹于出版界,但自抗战始,他逐渐倾向中共立场。这与国民政府在战时实行的一系列文化审查制度有着紧密联系,国民政府通过出台针对出版物的原稿审查制度、成立垄断性质的出版机构、调控纸价等措施在政治舆论与经济掌控方面达成统制地位。在政治与经济双方面的压制下,客观上促使以张静庐为代表的中小出版机构与共党性质的三家书店——“读书”“生活”“新知”结成同盟,共同反抗国民政府“钳制出版自由”的系列手段。与此同时,张静庐自踏入出版界以来所坚守的“大众取向”出版经营策略,使其在达成与中共南方局的合作路线上具有先天性优势。

Before the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zhang Jinglu mingled in the publishing world as a “shrewd” publisher who stayed out of the political arena. But after the outbreak of the war, he gradually inclined to the position of the Communist Party of China. This was strongly affected by a series of cultural censorship policies implemented by the Nationalist Party Government during the war. The Nationalist Party Government took control of the political opinions and the economics by measures like censoring original drafts for publications, establishing monopoly publishing institutions, and regulating paper prices. Under the political and economic suppression, small and medium-sized publishing institutions represented by Zhang Jinglu formed an alliance with three communist bookstores-Reading, Life, and New Knowledge. They jointly resisted the Nationalist Party Government’s “restricting the freedom of publishing”. At the same time, the “mass orientation” publishing strategy insisted by Zhang Jinglu since his first step into the publishing circle gave him an inherent advantage in cooperating with the South Bureau of the Communist Party of China.