木耳多糖提取分离纯化、结构表征及生物活性研究进展

Research Progress on Extraction,Purification,Structure Characterization and Biological Activity of Auricularia auricula Polysaccharide

木耳是食药用真菌,在中国有着广阔的资源。木耳多糖是木耳中主要的生物活性物质,作为一种天然的、安全的天然提取产物具有提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖血脂等功效。在木耳产业开发方面具有极大的应用价值。木耳多糖的活性功能与多糖的结构及提取工艺有很大的关系。为了明确木耳多糖提取工艺之间的异同及结构对活性的影响,文章总结了近几年国内外研究木耳多糖提取工艺:水提醇沉法、酶解法、微波法、超声波法等工艺;分析了木耳多糖的一级结构和高级结构表征,对木耳多糖的生物活性功能进行验证等方面。由于木耳多糖本身的高吸水性和胶质性,选取合适的提取工艺有利用提高木耳多糖的得率,为木耳多糖的深加工及产业提供理论参考,推动小木耳、大产业的发展。

Fungus is an edible and medicinal fungus and has a vast resource in China.Fungus polysaccharide is the main biologically active substance in fungus.As a natural and safe natural extract,it has the effects of improving immunity,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,and lowering blood sugar and blood lipids.It has great application value in the development of fungus industry.The active function of agaric polysaccharide has a great relationship with the structure and extraction process of the polysaccharide.In order to clarify the similarities and differences between the extraction processes of fungus polysaccharides and the influence of structure on the activity,the article has summarized the research on the extraction process of fungus polysaccharides at home and abroad in recent years,such as the optimization of water extraction and alcohol precipitation,enzymatic hydrolysis,microwave,ultrasonic and other processes;The primary structure and high-level structural characterization of the fungus polysaccharide are analyzed,and the biological activity function of the fungus polysaccharide is verified.Due to the high water absorption and colloidal properties of fungus polysaccharides,selecting a suitable extraction process can improve the yield of fungus polysaccharides,provide theoretical references for the deep processing and industry of fungus polysaccharides,and promote the development of small fungus and large industries.