舱门振动对舱室噪声特性影响研究

The Influence of Cabin Door Vibration on Cabin Noise Characteristics

目的研究舱门结构振动特性对舱室声场特性的影响与控制方法。方法基于声固耦合分析方法,对典型舱门结构的振动声辐射特性进行仿真分析,研究材料、板厚以及阻尼层对舱门结构声辐射特性的影响规律。建立舱室声学分析模型,分析舱门结构振动对舱室声学环境的影响。结果计算了典型舱门结构的固有频率和声辐射特性,舱门结构在固有频率处容易辐射出较大的噪声能量。通过分析舱室典型位置声压频率响应可知,声压峰值频率以舱室模态频率为主,且响应最大值出现在舱门结构频率和舱室模态频率重合处。仿真分析结果显示,采用在舱门表面增加约束阻尼层的降噪方法,可以有效降低舱室噪声。结论舱门结构振动模态频率与舱室声学模态频率的重合产生较大的共鸣噪声。在舱门上增加约束阻尼层是一种简易且有效的舱室噪声控制措施。

The paper aims to study the influence of vibration characteristics of cabin door structure on cabin sound field characteristics and control methods.Based on the acoustic-structure coupling analysis method,this paper simulates the vibration acoustic radiation characteristics of a typical cabin door structure and studies the influence of materials,plate thickness and damping layer on the acoustic radiation characteristics of the cabin door structure.A cabin acoustic analysis model is established and the influence of cabin door structural vibration on the cabin sound environment is analyzed.The characteristics of inherent frequency and sound radiation of typical cabin door structures are calculated,and the cabin door structure tends to radiate a large amount of noise energy at the inherent frequency.By analyzing the frequency response of sound pressure at the typical position of cabin,the peak frequency of sound pressure is dominated by the cabin modal frequency,and the maximum response appears at the overlap of the door structure frequency and cabin modal frequency.The simulation results show that the noise of the cabin can be effectively reduced by adding constraint damping layer on the surface of the cabin door.The overlap of vibration modal frequency and acoustic modal frequency of cabin door structure will produce large resonance noise.It is a simple and effective measure to control cabin noise by adding constraint damping layer on the cabin door.