6岁以下发育障碍患儿祖父母创伤后成长体验的质性研究

Posttraumatic growth experience of grandparents of children with developmental disabilities under 6 years old:a qualitative study

目的 挖掘6岁以下发育障碍患儿祖父母创伤后成长的体验,为制订干预方案、促进其心理成长提供依据。方法 采用目的抽样法,选取2021年10月—2022年1月在重庆市某三级甲等医院接受康复治疗的12名发育障碍患儿祖父母作为研究对象,采用半结构式访谈和面对面非语言行为观察法收集资料,借助Goo Seeker软件整理资料,并采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果 共提炼5个主题:(1)积极心理衍生,包括感知患儿进步、憧憬美好未来、正向应对压力;(2)新的人生感悟,包括坦然接纳现实、转移生活重心、更加珍视健康;(3)个人力量增强,包括心理韧性提升、自我效能感增强、乐观与希望;(4)支持系统增强,包括情感支持和社会支持增强;(5)人际关系和谐,包括利他行为、与他人关系改善。结论 6岁以下发育障碍患儿祖父母有多方面的创伤后成长体验,医护人员可通过团体心理辅导、组建心理支持小组、加强疾病宣教等方式帮助其获得更多的社会支持,使其有效应对压力,从而促进创伤后成长。

Objective To explore the posttraumatic growth experience of grandparents of children with developmental disabilities under 6 years old,so as to provide a basis for formulating intervention programs to promote their psychological growth. Methods The purposive sampling method was adopted to select 12grandparents of children with developmental disabilities who received the rehabilitation treatment in a tertiary A hospital in Chongqing from October 2021 to January 2022 as research subjects. Data were collected by semistructured interviews and face-to-face nonverbal behavior observation method,and data were sorted out with the help of Goo Seeker software. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method. Results 5 themes were extracted.(1)The positive psychological derivations:perceived progress of children,looking forward to a better future,positive coping styles.(2) New life perception :accepting reality calmly,shifting focus of life,valuing health more.(3) The enhancement of personal strength:the enhancement of resilience,the enhancement of self-efficacy,optimism and prospect.(4) The enhancement of support system:the enhancement of emotional support,the enhancement of social support.(5) Interpersonal harmony:altruistic behavior,improvements in relationships with others. Conclusion Grandparents of children with developmental disabilities under 6 years old have various experiences of posttraumatic growth. Medical staff can help them get more social support through group psychological counseling,setting up psychological support groups and strengthening disease publicity,so as to help them effectively cope with stress and promote posttraumatic growth.