基于地方保护的碳限额与交易机制下电力供应链企业的低碳技术投资研究

Impact of Cap-and-Trade Mechanism on Low-Carbon Technology Investment of Electricity Supply Chain Enterprises Under Local Protectionism

【目的/意义】在地方保护主义的背景下,研究了不同碳限额与交易机制对低碳技术投资决策的影响,以期识别电力供应链企业投资低碳技术的边界。【设计/方法】构建了由发电商和售电商组建的二级电力供应链,采用逆向归纳法,求得不同模型下的均衡解,对均衡解展开敏感性以及比较分析。【结论/发现】当单位碳配额较大时,基准法下的低碳投资水平、批发电价和售电商以及外地发电商的利润均大于祖父法下相应的均衡解;同时,受到地方保护的本地发电商的利润在基准法和祖父法下均大于外地发电商的利润;此外,电力需求量、批发电价和售电商以及外地发电商的利润在基准法和祖父法下都分别随着地方保护力度、单位碳排放量和低碳技术投资成本系数的增加而减少。

[Purpose/Significance] Under the background of local protectionism, this paper studies the influence of different cap-and-trade mechanisms on low-carbon technology investment, in order to identify the boundary of low-carbon technology investment by electricity supply chain enterprises. [Design/Methodology] A two-level electricity supply chain composed of electricity generator and electricity retailer is constructed. The equilibrium solutions under different models are obtained by backward induction, and the sensitivity and comparative analysis of the equilibrium solutions are carried out. [Conclusions/Findings] When the unit carbon quota is large, the low-carbon investment level, wholesale electricity price, profits of electricity retailer and foreign electricity generator under the benchmark mechanism are all larger than these under the grandfather mechanism;the profits of local electricity generator under local protection are greater than those of foreign electricity generator under the benchmark mechanism and grandfather mechanism. In addition, the electricity demand, wholesale electricity price, profits of electricity retailer and foreign electricity generator decrease with the local protection,unit carbon emissions and cost coefficient under the cap-and-trade mechanism.