杜诗英译的原则、策略与跨文化传播的话语权——以许渊冲与宇文所安的杜诗英译为例

Principles and Strategies of English Translation of Du Fu’s Poems and the Discourse Power of Cross-Cultural Communication

杜甫诗歌在海内外有多个英译版本,这些译本流传和影响的广度存在一定差异,其中,中国翻译家许渊冲和美国汉学家宇文所安的杜诗翻译影响较大。许渊冲翻译的杜甫诗选受一般读者喜爱,而宇文所安翻译的杜诗全集得到学术研究者的重视。二者在翻译原则和技巧方面存在诸多不同,许渊冲讲究“三美”原则,宇文所安推崇直译,二者翻译杜诗的格律、对仗也因此不尽相同。许渊冲是中国资深翻译家,宇文所安身为汉学家,二者职业身份的差异使他们的英译杜诗呈现各自的风格,但影响二者杜诗翻译和传播的最大因素则是中西文化的差异,而且这种传播与话语权也密不可分。英美一直实际掌握着杜诗翻译的主动权,往往按其自身需要与文化战略来译介杜诗。可见,中华文化想要“走出去”,必须加强国际传播能力。一方面我们乐见海外主动翻译,但也要直面其翻译背后的权力话语,另一方面更要强化自身译介和传播的话语权,增加二者对话,从而减少传播中的误读,促进文化互识与人类命运共同体的建构。

There are a variety of English translation versions of Du Fu’s poems at home and abroad,but their spread and influence vary in breadth.Among them,Xu Yuanchong,a Chinese translator,and Stephen Owen,an American Sinologist,have a greater influence on the translation of Du Fu’s Poems.They differ both in translation principles and techniques.However,the main factor affecting their translation and dissemination of Du Fu’s Poems is the difference between Chinese and Western culture,and this dissemination is closely related to the discourse power.So the“going out”of Chinese culture must strengthen international communication.On the one hand,we are happy to see overseas scholars actively translating our literature,but we must also face the discourse power behind their translation.On the other hand,we should strengthen the right to speak in translation and communication,reduce misinterpretation in communication and promote cultural mutual understanding by increasing the dialogue between them.