基于膜间桥机制的空间声源定位系统设计

DESIGN OF A SPATIAL SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE MEMBRANE BRIDGE MECHANISM

针对当前多麦克风定位阵列需要较大体积、较多基站以保证精度的缺点,借助可放大信号差异以提高灵敏度的仿生膜间桥结构,分析等效膜间桥电路对两输入信号幅度差、相位差的放大机理以及电路参数的选择,设计麦克风间距小于1 cm的四麦克风微型空间定位系统。利用MATLAB等软件对系统定位能力进行仿真并与Chan、GCC-PATH、IKN-IQN等算法作对比,结果表明在信噪比为20 dB、采样率21.5 kHz条件下,膜间桥定位系统的定位角度误差均值为1.42°,信噪比为20 dB、理想采样率条件下,系统定位结果距离误差均值为3.65 cm;在较高信噪比条件下膜间桥定位系统的定位准确度优于GCC-PATH、IKN-IQN等算法,且系统阵列体积最优,说明膜间桥定位系统定位准确度较高且在体积和基站数量上相比TDOA定位阵列有很大优势。

Aiming at the shortcomings of the current multi-microphone positioning arrays that require larger volume and more base stations to ensure accuracy,with the aid of a bionic membrane bridge structure that can amplify signal differences to improve sensitivity,this paper analyzed the working mechanism of the membrane-to-membrane bridge circuit,the selection of circuit parameters and designed a four-microphone miniature spatial positioning system with a microphone pitch of less than 1 cm.The positioning ability of the system was simulated by MATLAB and compared with Chan,GCC-PATH and IKN-IQN algorithms.The results show that the average positioning angle error of the inter-membrane bridge positioning system is 1.42°when the SNR is 20 dB and the sampling rate is 21.5 K,and when the SNR is 20 dB and the sampling rate is ideal,the average distance error of the system positioning results is 3.65 cm.Under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio,the positioning accuracy of the system is better than GCC-PATH and IKN-IQN,and the system array volume is optimal,which indicates that the positioning accuracy of the inter-membrane bridge positioning array is higher and has a significant advantage over the TDOA positioning array in terms of volume and number of base stations.