乡村人才回流:国内外经验与启示

Brain Gain to Countryside:Domestic and International Experience and Enlightenment

乡村人才回流是实现乡村人才振兴的重要发力方向。基于安徽省4县村“两委”负责人的访谈调研,分析国内外人才回流乡村的主要经验。研究发现:当前中西部乡村人才主动回流的总体态势不明显,人才外流现象仍然较为严重。农地整治、乡村一二三产业融合、乡村更新以及城乡融合发展是发达国家实现人才流入乡村的主要举措,产业带动、能人治村和人力资本产权激励是国内促进乡村人才回流的主要模式。借鉴国内外典型经验,应该加快乡村农地整治,推进乡村产业链与人才链的深度融合,健全人才返乡激励机制,提升乡村公共服务水平,坚持党建引领能人治村,从而实现乡村人才振兴。

The brain gain to countryside is an important direction to realize rural talent revitalization.Based on the interview and investigation of the heads of the “two village-committees” in four counties of Anhui province,while analyzing the main experience of talents returning to the countryside at home and abroad,the results show that the current overall situation of the active brain gain to countryside in the central and western regions is not obvious,and the phenomenon of brain drain is still serious.Rural land renovation,rural primary,secondary and tertiary industry integration,rural renewal and urban-rural integration and development are the main measures for developed countries to realize the flow of talents into the countryside.Industry driven,capable people governing the village and incentives of human capital property rights are the main modes to promote brain gain to countryside in China.Drawing on the typical experience at home and abroad,it is necessary to speed up the renovation of rural farmland,promote the deep integration of rural industrial chain and talent chain,improve the incentive mechanism for the brain gain,improve the level of rural public services,and adhere to the guidance of Party building to govern the village by capable people,so as to realize rural talent revitalization.