2016年新西兰凯库拉M_(W)7.8地震前空间大气扰动

Space Atmospheric Disturbances before the 2016 Kaikoura M_(W)7.8 Earthquake in New Zealand

采用欧洲中尺度天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA5温度数据和GPS观测数据,提取2016-11-13新西兰凯库拉M_(W)7.8地震前的温度异常和电离层VTEC异常,探讨震前空间大气扰动的时空变化特征。结果表明,2016-11-08、09震中以北分别出现温度异常和VTEC异常。温度异常具有增温-增温加强-增温衰减-增温高峰-快速衰减的变化特征,这与岩石形变-破裂释放热的过程基本一致;随着高度上升,增温面积及幅度逐渐减小,符合地震热异常在自下而上的抬升过程中逐渐消退的趋势。

Using GPS data and ERA5 temperature data from the European Centre for Mesoscale Weather Forecasts(ECMWF),we extract the temperature anomalies and ionospheric VTEC anomalies before the November 13,2016 Kaikoura,New Zealand M_(W)7.8 earthquake.We then discuss the spatio-temporal characteristics of atmospheric disturbances before the earthquake.The results show that there were temperature anomalies and ionospheric VTEC anomalies north of the epicenter on November 8 and 9,2016,respectively.The temperature anomalies have the characteristics of temperature-strengthening,temperature-attenuation,temperature-peak,temperature-rapid decay,which are basically consistent with the heat release process of rock deformation-fracture.With increasing height,the area and amplitude of temperature increase gradually decrease,consistently with the trend of seismic thermal anomalies gradually subsiding in the process of bottom-up uplift.