新型研发机构市场化改革路径研究——以中国科技开发院为例

Research on Marketization Reform Paths of New R&D Institutes:Taking China Academy of Science and Technology Development as an Example

在国家新一轮科技体制改革的推动下,新型研发机构应运而生,展现出传统研发组织所不具备的创新活力。以市场经济理论、市场化改革理论、制度变迁理论为基础,以中国科技开发院为案例研究对象,选用嵌套式纵向案例研究方法,探讨中国科技开发院市场化改革路径。得出以下结论:新型研发机构市场化改革以科技体制改革为政策导向,以高市场化程度区域为市场环境,以变革管理体制、创新运行模式为主要改革举措。全面总结中国科技开发院市场化改革实践经验,能够为新型研发机构市场化改革提供路径借鉴,研究结论和政策建议也将为传统研发组织市场化改革提供有益参考。

Innovation driven development strategy is a leading strategy for China to accelrate the construction of a powerhouse with scientific and technological innovation and realize the high-quality development of economic and social development.Scientific and technological innovation has become the key driving force for the economic progress and social development.With the in-depth implementation of the innovation driven development strategy in China,new R&D institutes have become a kind of strong power in the construction of the national innovation system,which aim to overcome the constraints of traditional R&D institutes in terms of their functional institutions and mechanisms as well as focus on the regional innovation resources elements.Therefore,it has become an important carriers and platforms in promoting deeply integration of industry and innovation,accelerating transformation of scientific and technological achievements,improving the overall efficiency of national innovation system,and building a world powerhouse in science and technology.New R&D institutes are market demand-oriented and introduce modern scientific management institutional framework.By means of attempts to reform modes of industry-university-research institute collaboration,researchers’income structure and scientific and technological management institutions,new R&D institutes are devoted to explain construct contradiction and system barriers between science and technology and economic development that called"two skins"problem.The management and organizational system of new R&D institutes is quite different from those of traditional R&D institutes as to the latter adopt the management mode of administrative order.Thus new R&D institutes could significantly stimulate the enthusiasm and competence of innovation participants.On this basis,it is extremely necessary to investigate the management intitutions,operational patterns,talent management system and ownership structure in order to further speed up the reform process of traditional R&D institutes to improve their innovation efficiency and capability.Under the macro background of China’s new round scientific and technological reform,new R&D institutes spring up and demonstrate sharply different innovation vigor.Taking market mechanism theory,marketization of production factor allocation theory and theory of institutional change as theoretical basis and applying nested longitudinal case study method,this paper conducts a comprehensive survey of China Academy of Science and Technology Development(CASTD).The authors divide the development history of CASTD into four stages and discuss its reform progress.At last,the authorconcluded the successful experiences of CASTD and put forward some favorable suggestions to further optimize the development of new R&D institutes as well as improve the performance of traditional R&D institutes,that is,to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system as the policy guidance,to the high degree of marketization of the region as the market environment,to reform the management system,innovation of the operation mode as the main reform measures.This paper supplies sufficient and practical experiences and suggestions for the implementation of marketization reform of new R&D institutes,which the valuable is not only for the healthy development of new R&D institutes,but also for traditional R&D institutes.