程度和变化——现代汉语动态形容词结构的事件语义分析

Degree and change:On the eventualities of the dynamic adjective phrases in Mandarin Chinese

现代汉语有些形容词可以出现在特定的结构中表达动态变化义。本文立足于当代语义学对谓词结构的事件性特征以及对形容词的程度语义的分析,来讨论“A了”和“变A”这两种动态形容词结构在事件性特征上的表现,提出:(1)动态形容词结构所表达的动态变化义源于同一个体在不同时间上的程度比较;(2)动态形容词结构在终结性和持续性特征上的表现,不仅取决于形容词所指称的量级结构在封闭性或开放性上的特点,也跟动态形容词结构本身的结构特点有关。

In Mandarin Chinese some adjectives can display the dynamicity property in specific constructions.Based on the analyses of the eventualities of the predicates and the degree semantics of adjectives in contemporary semantics,this paper discusses the various performances of the eventuality features of the two dynamic adjective phrases“A le”and“bian A”.It is proposed that(1)the dynamic meaning expressed by the dynamic adjective phrases originates from the degree comparison of the same individual at different times;and(2)the telicity and durativity properties of the dynamic adjective phrases depend on not only the closed or open scale structures denoted by the adjectives,but also the structural features of the dynamic adjective phrases themselves.