2016-2020年潼南区重点人群碘营养状况分析

Iodine nutrition status of the key population in the Tongnan district from 2016 to 2020

目的了解重庆市潼南区重点人群碘营养状况及变化趋势,为调整科学补碘干预策略提供依据。方法2016-2020年每年将潼南区所辖镇街按东、西、南、北、中划分为5个片区,每个片区随机抽取1个乡镇(街道),每个乡镇(街道)抽取20名孕妇及1所小学的8~10岁非寄宿学生40名作为研究对象,采集研究对象的尿样和家中食用盐样,检测尿碘和盐碘水平。2018年和2020年采用B超法测量儿童甲状腺容积,计算甲状腺肿大率。结果2016-2020年儿童家庭碘盐覆盖率分别为100.00%、99.51%、100.00%、100.00%及99.50%,合格碘盐食用率分别为97.00%、96.55%、98.00%、94.50%及94.50%。2016-2020年孕妇家庭碘盐覆盖率分别为100.00%、99.00%、100.00%、100.00%及100.00%,合格碘盐食用率分别为96.00%、88.00%、95.00%、95.00%及93.00%。2016-2020年儿童尿碘中位数分别为185.21μg/L、198.50μg/L、188.52μg/L、188.80μg/L及214.61μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2016-2020年孕妇尿碘中位数分别为158.60μg/L、160.80μg/L、188.52μg/L、151.95μg/L及130.01μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2018及2020年儿童的甲状腺肿大率均为2.50%,不同时间、性别、年龄的儿童甲状腺肿大率的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论潼南区重点人群碘营养水平整体处于适宜水平,有不同程度的碘缺乏和碘过量现象,应加强碘营养状况的监测和有针对性的干预。

Objective To understand the iodine nutrition status and the changing trend of the key population in the Tongnan district of Chongqing to provide support for adjusting scientific iodine supplementation intervention strategies.Methods From 2016 to 2020,the town streets under the jurisdiction of the Tongnan district were divided into 5 areas(east,west,south,north,and middle).One township(sub-district)was randomly selected from each area.A total of 20 pregnant women and 40 non-boarding students aged 8-10 years from 1 elementary school were selected from each township(sub-district)as the study subjects.Urine samples and salt samples were collected from the subjects to detect urinary iodine and salt iodine levels.Thyroid volume was measured by B-mode ultrasound in children in 2018 and 2020 to calculate thyroid enlargement rate.Re-sults From 2016 to 2020,the coverage rates of iodized salt in children's families were 100.00%,99.51%,100.00%,100.00%,and 99.50%,respectively.The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 97.00%,96.55%,98.00%,94.50%,and 94.50%,respectively.From 2016 to 2020,the coverage rates of iodized salt in families of pregnant women were 100.00%,99.00%,100.00%,100.00%,and 100.00%,respectively.The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 96.00%,88.00%,95.00%,95.00%and 93.00%,respectively.The median urinary iodine in children from 2016 to 2020 was 185.21μg/L,198.50μg/L,188.52μg/L,188.80μg/L,and 214.61μg/L,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).From 2016 to 2020,the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 158.60μg/L,160.80μg/L,188.52μg/L,151.95μg/L,and 130.01μg/L,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The thyroid enlargement rate of children in 2018 and 2020 was 2.50%,and there was no significant difference in thyroid enlargement rate between children of different years,gender,and age(all P>0.05).Conclusion The iodine nu-trition level of the key population in the Tongnan district is at an appropriate level,and there are different degrees of iodine deficiency and iodine excess.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition status and targeted intervention.