有机无机肥配施对烟田土壤养分和烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient and Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

【目的】探明烟田有机肥与无机肥的适宜施用配比和优质烟叶品质形成的作用机理,为植烟土壤改良及优质烟叶生产提供科学依据。【方法】设置5个不同有机无机肥配比处理(T_(1):对照,纯施无机肥;T_(2):有机肥︰无机肥=30%︰70%;T_(3):有机肥︰无机肥=50%︰50%;T_(4):有机肥︰无机肥=70%︰30%;T_(5):纯施有机肥),分析不同处理烟田土壤主要养分、烟叶干物质积累和烟叶化学成分及其协调性的差异。【结果】与对照比,有机无机肥配施处理烟株团棵期和旺长期土壤微生物生物量碳/氮和有机碳含量升高,成熟期烟株根、茎、叶干物质积累量增加;调制后烟叶总氮含量下降,烟碱、总糖、还原糖和钾氯含量升高。烟叶经济效益以T_(2)最高,烟叶产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例分别较对照提高22.00%、28.42%、5.42%和18.98%。土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳与烟叶总氮、烟碱、钾氯含量密切相关。【结论】有机无机肥配施能有效改良土壤结构并提高烟叶产质量,适宜的配比为有机肥︰无机肥=30%︰70%。

【Objective】To provide the scientific basis for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves and improvement of tobacco-growing soil,the suitable combined application proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer in tobacco-growing field and the effect mechanism of high-quality tobacco formation are studied.【Method】Five treatments with different proportions of organic and inorganic fertilizer(T_(1),CK,pure inorganic fertilizer;T_(2),organic fertilizer︰inorganic fertilizer=30%︰70%;T_(3),organic fertilizer︰inorganic fertilizer=50%︰50%;T_(4),organic fertilizer︰inorganic fertilizer=70%︰30%;T_(5),pure organic fertilizer)are set up to analyze the variation in main soil nutrient,tobacco dry matters accumulation,and tobacco chemical component and its coordination.【Result】Compared with CK,soil microbial biomass,carbon/nitrogen and organic carbon content at resettling stage and vigorously growth stage of tobacco treated with combined application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are increased,and the dry matter accumulation of tobacco root,stem and leaf at maturity stage are increased;the total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves is decreased,while nicotine,total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium and chlorine content are increased.The economic benefit of tobacco under T_(2) treatment is the highest,the yield,output value,average price and proportion of superior tobacco are increased by 22.00%,28.42%,5.42% and 18.98% respectively compared with CK.Soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon are closely related with total nitrogen,nicotine,potassium and chlorine content of tobacco leaves.【Conclusion】Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer could improve soil structure and increase the yield and quality of tobacco leaves effectively,and the suitable proportion is organic fertilizer︰inorganic fertilizer=30%︰70%.