牡丹江烟区植烟土壤养分时空变化特征

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Mudanjiang Tobacco-growing Region

【目的】探明牡丹江烟区植烟土壤主要养分时空变化特征,为植烟土壤的合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】分别于2012年和2019年采集牡丹江市不同植烟区土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,分析土壤主要养分的时空变化特征。【结果】2019年牡丹江烟区植烟土壤有机质平均含量为2.57%,整体处在低-适宜水平;碱解氮平均含量为143.16 mg/kg,整体处在低-适宜水平;速效磷平均含量为113.93 mg/kg,整体处在极高水平;速效钾平均含量为284.27 mg/kg,在低、适宜、极高水平分布频率相当。与2012年相比,2019年牡丹江市植烟区土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量显著降低;碱解氮含量降低,但差异不显著。牡丹江市不同植烟区土壤养分存在差异,2019年有机质含量表现为温暖湿润植烟区=温凉半湿润植烟区>温和半干旱植烟区,碱解氮含量表现为温暖湿润植烟区>温凉半湿润植烟区>温和半干旱植烟区,速效磷和速效钾含量均表现为温和半干旱植烟区>温凉半湿润植烟区>温暖湿润植烟区。【结论】牡丹江烟区植烟土壤养分时空变化明显,2019年较2012年土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量显著降低,在烟叶种植中总体应实施稳氮、增钾、控磷和增施有机肥的施肥策略,同时根据不同植烟区土壤养分状况进行合理施肥,实现牡丹江烟区土壤肥力提高和养分平衡供应。

【Objective】The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil nutrients in Mudanjiang tobacco-growing region is explored to provide the theoretical basis for rational fertilization of tobacco-growing soil.【Method】The organic matter,available nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium content of soil samples collected from different tobacco-growing areas in Mudanjiang City in 2012 and 2019 is determined to discuss the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil nutrients in Mudanjiang tobacco-growing region.【Result】The average organic matter content in Mudanjiang region is 2.57% at a low-proper level.The average available nitrogen is 143.16 mg/kg at a low-proper level.The average rapid available phosphorus content is 113.93 mg/kg at a very high level.The average rapid available potassium is 284.27 mg/kg with average distribution at low,proper and very high level.The organic matter,rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium content in soils of Mudanjiang tobacco-growing region in 2019 decreases compared with in 2012 significantly.The available nitrogen content reduces in 2019 but there is no significant difference in 2012 and 2019.There are differences in soil nutrients among different tobacco-growing areas in Mudanjiang tobacco-growing region.The organic content in soils of three tobacco-growing regions with different climate types in warm and humid tobacco-growing area=cool and semi-humid tobacco growing area>temperate and semi-arid tobacco-growing area.The available nitrogen content in soils of three tobacco-growing areas with different climate types is warm and humid tobacco-growing area>cool and semi-humid tobacco-growing area>temperate and semi-arid tobacco-growing area.The rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium content in soils of three tobacco-growing areas with different climate types is temperate and semi-arid tobacco-growing area>cool and semi-humid tobacco-growing area>warm and humid tobacco-growing area.【Conclusion】There are obvious variation in time and space of Mudanjiang tobacco-growing area.The organic matter,rapid available phosphoras and rapid available potassium content significantly descrease in 2019 compared with 2020.The fertilization strategy of stabilizing nitrogen,increasing potassium,controlling phosphorus and increasing organic fertilizer should be implemented and meanwhile,the fertilization application should be rationally conducted according to the conditions of soil nutrients to realize improvement of soil fertility and balance supply of soil nutrients in Mudanjiang tobacco-growing region.