利用分子标记技术研究甜菜品种细胞质的育性基因型

Cytoplasmic Fertility Genotypes Study of Sugar Beet by Molecular Markers

为了了解现有甜菜登记品种的细胞质育性基因型情况,在甜菜营养阶段就鉴定出甜菜品种的育性,更高效地培育新的甜菜品种。本研究利用已开发的作用于甜菜线粒体VNTR位点的特异性TR1引物,将1对自主培育的甜菜OWEN型不育系和保持系作为对照组,对现有的109个甜菜登记品种进行PCR扩增,进行细胞质育性鉴定分析。结果表明,109个供试甜菜品种中,106个为S型细胞质(不育型细胞质),占比97.2%,3个为既有N型(可育型细胞质)又有S型细胞质(不育型细胞质),占比2.8%。只有品种‘新甜15号’、‘ZT6’和‘甜研312’这3个品种内部的细胞质育性类型是混杂的,而这3个品种都是我国自主培育的多胚种子。我国自主培育的甜菜品种部分存在细胞质育性混杂的情况。因此,在后期的甜菜选育工作中,应注重选育多样化细胞质不育型的优良单胚种,提高品种的纯合性水平,丰富甜菜种质资源,促进甜菜产业的发展与提高。

In order to understand the cytoplasmic fertility genotypes of existing sugar beet registered varieties,the fertility of sugar beet varieties was identified at the nutritional stage,which improved the breeding efficiency in sugar beet.In this study,a pair of sugar beet Owen-type male sterile and maintainer line were used as the control group to PCR amplify 109 sugar beet registered varieties using developed specific TR1 primers acting on sugar beet mitochondrial VNTR locus,and the cytoplasmic fertility was identified and analyzed.The results showed that 106 of the tested varieties were S-type cytoplasm(sterile cytoplasm),accounting for 97.2%,and three were both N-type(normal cytoplasm)and S-type cytoplasm(sterile cytoplasm),accounting for 2.8%.Only the cytoplasmic fertility types of Xintian 15,ZT 6 and Tianyan 312 was mixed,and these three varieties were polyembryonic seeds developed independently in China.Among the tested materials,95 varieties were homozygous cytoplasmic sterile sugar beet varieties developed by foreign breeding companies.The results shows that some sugar beet varieties developed independently in China have mixed cytoplasmic fertility.Therefore,in the later stage of sugar beet breeding,attention should be paid to the breeding of fine single seed species with diversified cytoplasmic sterility,improve the homozygous level of varieties,enrich sugar beet germplasm resources and promote the development and improvement of sugar beet industry.