以“长物”观“场域”——设计视域中的晚明文人身份认同探微

Viewing“Field”with“Superfluous Things”——On the Identity of Literati in the Late Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Design

晚明消费社会的产生对文人群体的生活观念产生直接影响,文人群体对物质生活的建构有了更高层级的审美追求。他们渴望通过外在物质对日常生活的设计来表达自己的精神内涵和文化修养,使自己区分于顺势而上的新富阶层,同时达到群体内部的向上兼容。《长物志》作为一本记述明朝中后期文人士大夫园林生活的百科全书,著述了对生活之物设计的选择标准和审美批判,蕴含着当时文人的思想观念。其成书是文人阶层所倡导的审美选择的体现,也是文人阶层借物质及生活方式对自我社会“场域”的构建,潜藏着以作者为代表的晚明文人对其身份认同的危机。

The emergence of the consumer society in the late Ming Dynasty had a direct impact on the concept of life of the literati group,and had a higher level of aesthetic pursuit of the construction of material life.They are eager to express their spiritual connotation and cultural accomplishment through the design of external materials for daily life,so that they can distinguish themselves from the new rich class that is on the rise,and achieve upward compatibility within the group.As an encyclopedia describing the garden life of literati and bureaucrats in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,Superfluous Things describes the selection criteria and aesthetic criticism of the design of living objects,which contains the ideas of literati at that time.The completion of the book is not only the embodiment of the aesthetic choice advocated by the literati class,but also the construction of their own social“field”by means of material and lifestyle,which hides the crisis of literati’s identity in the late Ming Dynasty represented by the author.