高校本科创新人才培养风险预判及防控策略研究

Research on Risk Prediction and Prevention and Control Strategy of Undergraduate Innovative Talent Training in Colleges and Universities

高校肩负着创新人才培养的重任,在推动建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地方面发挥着不可替代的作用。创新人才培养风险由来已久,并与“卡脖子”和“缺芯”突发事件以及创新人才培养危机形成因果演化链条。基于风险社会理论分析框架,文章提出专家系统的权威化知识地位遭受冲击,潜在的原发型风险深入教育教学领域,现代组织结构“脱轨”诱发制度化风险,认知自反困境及工具理性泛滥潜藏评价风险,预示着学生的创新知识体系建构、创新思维发展、创新实践能力培养和创新精神品质提升面临风险挑战。风险并非不可预测和难以控制的,文章从解构性建构课程知识内容,优化学生创新知识体系;明确本科教育教学深层次原发型风险,发挥数字化教学激发学生创新思维优势;创建反思性的组织制度,营造学生创新实践能力发展环境;改进工具理性主导的学校评价机制,兼顾学生创新精神品质表现等方面,提出高校本科创新人才培养的风险规避策略。

Colleges and universities shoulder the important task of cultivating innovative talents and play an irreplaceable role in promoting the construction of important talent centers and innovation highlands in the world. The risk of innovative talent training has a long history, and forms a causal evolution chain with the "clutched neck" and "chip shortage" emergencies and the crisis of innovative talent training. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of risk society, the article argues that the authoritative knowledge status of expert system has been impacted, the potential original risk has gone deep into the field of education and teaching, the "derailment" of modern organizational structure has induced institutionalized risk, cognitive reflexive dilemma and the proliferation of instrumental rationality poses potential evaluation risk, All of these indicate that the construction of students’ innovative knowledge system, the development of innovative thinking, the cultivation of innovative practical ability and the improvement of innovative spiritual quality are facing risks and challenges. However, the risks are not unpredictable and difficult to control. We can deconstruct the content of curriculum knowledge and optimize students’ innovative knowledge system;we can clarify the deep-seated original risks of undergraduate education and teaching, and give full play to the advantages of digital teaching to stimulate students’ innovative thinking;we can create reflective organizational system and an environment for the development of students’ innovative practical ability;we can improve the school evaluation mechanism dominated by instrumental rationality and take into account the performance of students’ innovative spirit, thus putting forward risk avoidance strategies for the cultivation of undergraduate innovative talents in colleges and universities.