新世纪以来中外儿童贩运研究热点与趋势——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

The Progress of Child Trafficking Studies in China and Abroad since 2000:A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace

以“Web of ScienceTM核心合集”和CNKI期刊文献为数据源,运用CiteSpace软件进行文献计量分析,梳理总结了2000年以来国内外儿童贩运的研究热点与趋势。结果发现:1)中外儿童贩运研究的发文量整体呈波动增长态势,美国的发文量位居世界首位,国外研究集中在社会学、心理学、儿科医学、家庭研究与犯罪学等5大领域。国内研究进程相对缓慢,早期研究集中在法学、犯罪学与社会学3大领域,近年来地理学领域快速兴起。2)由于区域环境与国情存在差异,国外儿童贩运包含在人口贩运研究中,更关注以剥削为目的跨国贩运,包括直接剥削与间接剥削2种方式,涉及商业性贩运、童工贩运、人体器官贩运和童婚贩运等多种贩运类型,商业性贩运与性剥削是儿童贩运的主要研究热点;国内拐卖儿童犯罪通常与拐卖妇女合并讨论,聚焦于以收养为目的的省域拐卖,诱骗养子型和家庭操控型是最常见的2种类型,拐卖儿童犯罪的法律政策与社会原因是热点关注话题。3)随着多学科交叉融合的发展,国外儿童贩运的研究主题从贩运类型向儿童被解救后的自杀风险与福祉评估、康复回归与重返社会、儿童保护与贩运防控对策持续拓展;国内拐卖儿童犯罪的研究主题从法律政策与社会原因向时空格局、影响因素、安置回归与社会融入延伸。未来如何将儿童贩运的相关主体(犯罪人、受害人或监护人与其他社会人)与时空环境(社会环境、建成环境及周围人流环境)进行综合贯穿,从犯罪地理学视角探究儿童贩运的地理环境因素与时空活动轨迹的演变,深入解析“时-空-人”三维视角下儿童贩运的发生机制至关重要,以及在实践中如何充分利用现代科技手段追踪和打击儿童贩运,为中外儿童贩运防治与管理贡献力量。

As a crime that threatens public safety and social stability,child trafficking has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society.Few studies have been conducted on child trafficking,especially in the literature review conducted from the perspective of comparison between China and abroad,which makes it difficult to fully reveal the system and development of current research.This study clarifies the thematic structure and development of child trafficking in China and abroad,based on the"Web of ScienceTM Core Collection"and CNKI data sources,using CiteSpace software.Specifically,the study comparatively examines the progress of child trafficking studies in China and abroad since 2000 and analyzes future development trends from the time of publication,regional and subject distribution,research institutions,and keyword co-occurrence.We hope that this work provides a relatively complete and objective understanding for innovative future research.The results indicate that:(1)the research on child trafficking started earlier abroad,and the theoretical system and research methods are relatively mature.From 2000 to 2020,a total of 215 articles were published in Web of Science,showing two stages of fluctuating and rapid growth,and USA ranks first worldwide.There are 46 core articles published in CNKI,showing two stages of initial exploration and fluctuating growth overall,with a relatively slow growth rate in China.More studies are distributed in the fields of social studies,psychology,pediatrics,family studies and criminology in abroad,while domestic studies are mainly distributed in the field of law,criminology and sociology.In recent years,the research in the field of geography has risen rapidly,and there is ample room for development.(2)Due to the differences in regional environment and national conditions,international child trafficking is part of a study on human trafficking,which is mainly for the purpose of exploitation,including direct and indirect exploitation,involving various topics such as commercial sexual exploitation,labor exploitation,trafficking human organs,child marriage trafficking,and other types of trafficking.Commercial trafficking and sexual exploitation are the main research hotspots of child trafficking.Child trafficking in China is usually discussed in combination with the trafficking of women,focusing on the provincial trafficking for the purpose of adoption,and"family control"and"lured adoption"are common ways of committing crimes.The legal policy and social reasons surrounding child trafficking are hot topics of concern.(3)With the increase in interdisciplinary integration,child trafficking involves suicide risk and well-being,rehabilitation and return to society,child protection and trafficking prevention and control measures,which have become popular topics abroad.The theme of domestic child trafficking has extended from focusing on legal policies and social reasons to spatial-temporal patterns,influencing factors,resettlement,and social integration.In the future,how to integrate the relevant parties involved in child trafficking(criminals,victims or guardians,and other people)with the spatio-temporal environment(social environment,built environment,and surrounding people flow environment),and explore the evolution of geographical factors and the spatio-temporal activity trajectory of child trafficking from the perspective of criminal geography?It is important to deeply analyze the occurrence mechanism of child trafficking from the interactive perspective of time,space,and humans.How to make full use of the modern technological means to track and combat child trafficking in practice,to contribute to the prevention and management of this issue at home and abroad,constitutes a key question.