滇东北次方言苗族传统芦笙制作田野观察与研究(上)

Field Observation and Research on Traditional Lusheng Production of Miao Ethnic Group in Northeast Yunnan Sub-dialect(Part One)

滇东北昭通市大关县天星镇苗寨的王氏传统六管芦笙制作,在滇黔川交界一带已有百多年的历史。第五代传人王杰锋制作的芦笙,于2006年成功申报为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产保护项目,王杰锋本人于2007年也在国家级传承人行列中榜上有名,其子王爱华,是第六代传人。王氏制作芦笙的核心技术,是发音管的安装和簧片的制作。王氏芦笙制作,从严格的选材到繁杂的烘干处理、独到的簧片改良、紧实耐用的树皮箍、严丝合缝的穿管及簧片的卡槽固定等技术,使其制作的芦笙,音色明亮、经久耐用,得到了苗族同胞及社会各界的广泛认可。王氏父子的芦笙制作技艺,在国家及当地政府的大力支持下,每年都在由地方政府举办的“苗族芦笙传统技艺培训班”上传承教授,无私地把家传的芦笙制作技艺,传授给前来学习苗族芦笙制作技艺的学员。

The traditional production of the six-pipe Lusheng by the Wang family in the Miao village of Tianxing Town,Daguan County,Zhaotong City,northeastern Yunnan has a history of more than 100 years in the border area of Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan.The Lusheng produced by Wang Jiefeng,the fifth generation successor,was successfully declared as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects in 2006,and he himself became a national successor in 2007.Wang Aihua,the son of Wang Jiefeng,is the sixth generation.The core technology of Wang's Lusheng production is to install sound pipes and reeds.The spring of the reed should be good;the sound pipe should not leak air at all.Wang's strict material selection and drying treatment,unique reed improvement,firm bark hoop,natural connection,airtight hole digging and tube piercing,reed slot fixation and other technologies make his Lusheng sound bright and durable,which has been widely recognized by Miao compatriots and all walks of life.With the strong support of the state and the local government,Wang's Lusheng holds"Miao Lusheng Traditional Skills Training"every year,selflessly imparting the family's Lusheng production skills to the students who come to learn.