从“精丽工巧”到“简略淡雅”--浅析宋元花鸟画艺术风格及变化

From"exquisite and exquisite"to"simple and elegant"--On the artistic style and changes of flower and bird painting in song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元两朝,是中国绘画史上的鼎盛时期,这一时期的中国传统花鸟画在工笔写生和水墨写意上都取得了长足的发展。由宋至元也是中国绘画史上一个极为重要的转折点,花鸟画逐渐形成了以富丽精致的宫廷写实风格,到笔墨意趣的文人写意风格为主的画坛格局。这种转变,存在着艺术规律自身发展的必然性,它是受到绘画艺术自身发展的规律以及其时政治、文化、思想等其它众多因素的制约的。从宋到元,花鸟画从题材表现、绘画方式等许多方面都发生了变化,画面最终所呈现的风格面貌、美学品格也随之变化,即从强调客观物体的真实为主的画风,到以物象为载体传达画家精神感受的意向风格,文人画的审美意趣日渐突出。为此,宋元两个时期花鸟画的发展,既是中国绘画发展的历史进步,也是中国传统花鸟画从单一走向多元的必然趋向。

The song and Yuan Dynasties were the heyday in the history of Chinese painting.During this period,the traditional Chinese flower and bird painting made great progress in both fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty,which was also an extremely important turning point in the history of Chinese painting,flower and bird painting gradually formed a painting pattern based on the rich and exquisite court realistic style and the literati freehand style with interesting brush and ink.This change has the inevitability of the self-development of the art law,which is restricted by the law of the self-development of the art of painting and many other factors such as politics,culture and ideology at that time.From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty,flower and bird paintings have changed in many aspects,such as subject matter expression and painting methods.The style and aesthetic character of the paintings have also changed,that is,from the painting style that emphasizes the authenticity of objective objects to the intention style that conveys the artist's spiritual feelings with the object image as the carrier,the aesthetic interest of literati paintings has become increasingly prominent.Therefore,the development of flower and bird painting in the song and Yuan Dynasties is not only the historical progress of the development of Chinese painting,but also the inevitable trend of Chinese traditional flower and bird painting from single to multiple.