32个长江中下游麦区小麦品种幼苗期耐盐性的鉴定和评价

Identification and Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of 32 Wheat Varieties at Seedling Stage in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

江苏省沿海滩涂资源丰富,滩涂的开发利用可为农业生产提供大量的农田,小麦为我国及世界的主要粮食作物之一,沿海滩涂开发的麦田大多仍存在一定程度的盐渍化,产量较低,迫切需要筛选适合本地区气候条件的耐盐小麦品种。幼苗期是小麦耐盐性最薄弱的阶段,幼苗期的耐盐性是保证苗全、苗齐的基础,为小麦后期的生长发育奠定基础。对32个长江中下游麦区的小麦品种进行了幼苗期的耐盐性鉴定,结果显示,盐胁迫对小麦幼苗期性状抑制作用的大小依次为株高>根数>鲜重>根长。对耐盐综合评价值进行聚类分析,筛选出皖麦54、苏麦188和宁盐1号等3个高度耐盐的品种,鄂麦18、皖麦42、宁麦24、襄麦25、生选6号、宁麦11号、扬辐麦4号和镇麦6号等8个与耐盐品种德抗961的耐盐性一致的耐盐品种。所筛选出的11个幼苗期耐盐性较强的品种,可进一步用于海滨滩涂盐渍化土壤上的全生育期耐盐性筛选,并可为筛选出适宜江苏沿海滩涂盐渍化麦田种植的耐盐小麦品种提供发育早期幼苗期的耐盐性依据。

There are plenty of coastal resources in Jiangsu Province.The exploitation and utilization of coastal beach can provide a large number of farmland for agricultural production.Wheat is one of the main food crops in China and the world.Most of the wheat fields developed on coastal beach still have some salinization,which result in low yield.It is urgent to screen salt-tolerant wheat varieties suitable for the climatic conditions of this ecological area.Seedling stage is the weakest stage of salt tolerance of wheat.Salt tolerance at seedling stage is the basis to ensure enough seedlings,and lays the foundation for the growth and development of wheat at the later stage.The salt tolerance of 32 wheat varieties from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was identified at seedling stage.The results showed that the inhibition of salt stress on wheat seedling traits was plant height>root number>fresh weight>root length.Cluster analysis was carried out on the comprehensive evaluation value of salt tolerance.Three varieties with high salt tolerance Wanmai 54,Sumai 188 and Ningyan 1 were screened out,and the salt tolerance of Emai 18,Wanmai 42,Ningmai 24,Xiangmai 25,Shengxuan 6,Ningmai 11,Yangfumai 4 and Zhenmai 6 was consistent with the salt-tolerant variety Dekang 961.These 11 varieties with strong salt tolerance at seedling stage can be further used to screen the salt tolerance at the whole growth stage in the saline soil of coastal beach.This study can provide a seedling stage basis for screening salt tolerant wheat varieties suitable for planting in saline wheat fields on coastal beaches of Jiangsu Province.