戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯对小麦籽粒中DON毒素产生影响分析

Effect of Tebuconazole and Pyraclostrobin on Production of DON Toxin in Wheat Kernels

为明确戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯不同使用剂量对小麦赤霉病毒素(DON)积累的控制效果,采用离体培养和田间小区试验,将不同浓度的药剂分别加入到液体培养基中,接入赤霉病菌,培养7 d后检测培养液中DON的浓度。田间小区试验时,于小麦扬花期喷施2种药剂的不同剂量,取样检测麦粒中DON含量,结果表明,喷施43%戊唑醇SC 180 g/hm^(2)对赤霉病病指防效较好,达79.11%;在离体培养条件下,戊唑醇0.02 mg/kg培养浓度对毒素产生无控制效果,而0.2 mg/kg的培养浓度对DON毒素的产生具有明显的控制效果,防效达60.61%。吡唑醚菌酯在0.1、1.0 mg/kg培养浓度下,培养液中DON毒素含量分别为2.54、3.70μg/g菌丝,具有明显的刺激DON毒素产生的作用。43%戊唑醇SC在田间使用后,90、180 g/hm^(2)用量对小麦籽粒中DON毒素的控制效果分别为35.05%和61.94%,抑制效果显著;25%吡唑醚菌酯SC在田间使用后,300 g/hm^(2)用量对小麦籽粒中DON毒素控制效果为35.89%。2种药剂在小麦扬花期喷雾防治小麦赤霉病,吡唑醚菌酯对小麦籽粒中DON毒素的防效随着使用剂量的增加而减弱,而戊唑醇对小麦籽粒中DON毒素积累的防效随着使用剂量的增加而增强。

In order to investigate the control effect of different doses of tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin on the accumulation of deoxynivalenol(DON)toxin of wheat scab,we adopted culture in vitro and field plot trial,added agents with different concentrations to liquid culture,inoculated gibberella zeae,and then detected the concentration of DON in the culture solution after culturing for 7 days.In the field trial,two agents were sprayed at different doses during the flowering stage of the wheat,and samples were taken to detect the DON content in the wheat kernels.The results showed that:The control effects of 180 g/hm^(2) of 43%tebuconazole SC on DON toxin was 79.11%,the 0.02 mg/kg culture concentration of tebuconazole had no control effect on the toxin production,yet the 0.2 mg/kg culture concentration of tebuconazole showed a significant control effect on the DON toxin production,with a control effect up to 60.61%.Under the 0.1 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg culture concentration of pyraclostrobin,the contents of DON toxin in the culture solution were 2.54μg/g and 3.70μg/g mycelium,respectively,showing a significant stimulation effect on the DON toxin production.In the field trial,the control effects of 90 g/hm^(2) and 180 g/hm^(2) of 43%tebuconazole SC on DON toxin in wheat kernels were 35.05%,and 61.94%,respectively,showing a significant inhibition effect.The control effect of 300 g/hm^(2) of 25%pyraclostrobin SC on DON toxin in wheat kernels was 35.89%.During the flowering stage of wheat,wheat scab was controlled via mist spraying of two kinds of agents.The control effect of pyraclostrobin on DON toxin in wheat kernels declined with the increase of the dosage,and whereas the control effect of tebuconazole on the accumulation of DON toxin in wheat kernels enhanced with the increase of the dosage.