不同改良材料对典型城市绿地土壤物理性质的影响研究

Effects of Different Ameliorative Materials on Soil Physical Properties of Typical Urban Green Space

为评估园林废弃物堆肥、椰糠、蚯蚓粪、生物炭对城市绿地土壤物理性质的改良效果,采用室内土培试验测定了土壤的容重、通气度、渗透率、孔隙度、持水性等指标。结果表明,堆肥、椰糠、蚯蚓粪、生物炭均能显著提升土壤的通气度、渗透率、毛管孔隙度,以蚯蚓粪添加量为20%对土壤通气度和毛管孔隙度的提升效果最理想,提升幅度分别为41.88%、38.00%;在堆肥施用量为40%时,对供试土壤渗透率、土壤质量含水量的提升幅度分别为253.08%、196.37%;堆肥添加量为50%时,土壤非毛管孔隙度和田间持水量提升幅度分别为279.00%、85.00%。随着改良时间的增加,堆肥、椰糠、蚯蚓粪、生物炭均能使容重呈降低趋势,均能使通气度呈上升趋势,蚯蚓粪对土壤容重改良的持续性更好,生物炭对通气度改良的持续性更好。在试验使用改良基质的范围内,园林废弃物堆肥体积占比为50%时,对改良土壤的容重、渗透率、非毛管孔隙度、田间持水量的效果最为理想。

The indoor soil culture experiment was used to evaluate the improvement effect of garden waste composting,coconut bran,earthworm manure and biochar on soil physical properties of urban green space by measuring soil bulk density,soil aeration,soil permeability,soil porosity and soil water holding capacity.The results showed that garden waste composting,coconut bran,earthworm manure and biochar could significantly improve soil aeration,soil permeability and soil porosity.Soil aeration and soil porosity were increased by 41.88%and 38.00%when 20%earthworm manure was added.When the amount of compost was 40%,the permeability of the tested soil and soil mass water content were increased by 253.08%and 196.37%.When the compost content was 50%,the non-capillary porosity of soil and the soil field water capacity increased by 279.00%and 85.00%.With the increase of amelioration time,compost,vermicompost and biochar all reduced soil bulk density,while vermicompost decreased soil bulk density more significantly.Coconut bran,vermicompost and biochar all increased soil aeration,and biochar increased soil aeration significantly.When the volume proportion of garden waste compost was 50%,the improved soil bulk density,soil permeability,soil non-capillary porosity and soil field water capacity were the most ideal.