6种丁香属植物滞尘能力评价及叶表微形态学解释

Dust-retention capability evaluation of six species of Syringa and their leaf surface micromorphology

【目的】筛选滞尘能力较强的丁香属Syringa植物,促进丁香在城市绿化中生态功能的发挥。【方法】以6种丁香属植物为研究材料,在满叶期通过3级滤膜过滤法测定植物经过不同孔径的滤膜后滞留的各直径颗粒物,并对丁香属植物叶表面微观结构进行观察,探究叶片微观结构对植物滞尘效应的影响。【结果】(1)丁香属植物对不同粒径颗粒物的滞尘能力存在显著差异(P<0.05),对于满叶期,6种丁香单位叶面积滞尘能力从大到小排序为什锦丁香S. chinensis、北京丁香S. pekinensis、欧丁香S. vulgaris、紫丁香S. oblata、暴马丁香S. reticulata var. amurensis、白丁香S. oblata var.alta。(2)什锦丁香单位叶面积滞尘能力最强,通过微观结构观察发现什锦丁香叶片上表面沟槽纵深,下表面气孔周围褶皱密集,有助于滞留颗粒物。(3)从偏相关系数来看,叶表微结构各参数与单位叶面积总颗粒滞留量(UTSP)和直径为0.2~2.5μm颗粒物滞留量(UPM_(2.5))均未达显著相关(P>0.05)。【结论】沟槽的深度可能是影响植物滞尘的原因之一,在治理城市空气污染时,什锦丁香可作为优良的园林滞尘灌木树种。

[Objective] This study is aimed to screen out Syringa plants with strong dust-retention capability so as to promote the ecological function of Syringa in urban greening. [Method] With six species of Syringa selected as the research materials, the three-layer filter method was first used to determine the particles of plants passing through filters with different pore sizes during the full-leaf period. Then the micromorphology of the leaf surface of the Syringa was observed before an investigation was conducted of the influence of the leaf micromorphology and the dust retention effect of the plant. [Result](1) there were significant differences in the dust retention capabilities of Syringa plants(P<0.05) with the order of the comprehensive dust-retention capability per unit leaf area of the 6 Syringa species for the full-leaf stage being S. chinensis>S. pekinensis>S.vulgaris>S. oblata>S. reticulata var. amurensis>S. oblata var. alta.(2) it can be seen that S. chinensis had the strongest comprehensive dust-retention capability per unit leaf area whereas through microstructure observation, it was found that the upper surface of the assorted S. chinensis had deep grooves and dense folds around the stomata on the lower surface, which helps with the retention of particles.(3) from the perspective of the partial correlation coefficient, there isn’ t a significant correlation(P> 0.05) between the leaf surface micromorphology parameters and the retention of dust(UTSP and UPM_(2.5)). [Conclusion] The depth of the trench may be one of the factors that affect the dust retention of plants and S. chinensis is recommended as an excellent garden dust-retaining shrub specie and can be widely used to retent dust pollution.