瓦格纳美学与象征主义自由诗理论的重构

Wagnerism and the Reconstruction of the Theory of Symbolist Free Verse

巴黎公社失败之后,无政府主义进入文学形式之中。形式无政府主义产生的自由诗,在有力反叛传统诗律的同时,也容易造成形式虚无主义倾向。瓦格纳音乐美学因为对情感节奏的强调,成为纠正形式无政府主义的关键力量。1885年,一些年青的象征主义诗人开始宣传瓦格纳音乐美学。威泽瓦将直觉主义与瓦格纳主义结合起来,主张破坏固定的诗律规则,以传达词语和形象的自然节奏。迪雅尔丹从无意识心理活动上来理解情感,他将诗体视为一种“喷涌”,要求自发的、音乐的形式。瓦格纳的音乐美学使象征主义诗人不仅破坏旧形式,而且积极创造新形式,促成了象征主义自由诗理论的重构。

After the fail of Paris Commune,anarchism entered into literary form.Although rebelling powerfully against the traditional prosody,the formal anarchism inclined to result in the formal nihilism.Wagner’s aestheticism,due to its emphasis on emotional rhythm,became a remedy for the formal nihilism.In 1885,a group of young symbolist poets,also called as Wagnerists,influenced by Wagner’s theory,decided to practice musical ideal in literature.T.de Wyzewa,by combining Intuitionism with Wagnerism,suggested to break the fixed prosodic rules,in order to express the natural flow of words and images.é.Dujardin,interpreting emotion as unconscious process,found that poem is a form of“jaillissement(eruption)”that demands spontaneous and musical rhythm.Wagner’s aestheticism provided to symbolists not only an opportunity to abandon old form,but also an impulse to create new verse,which contributed to the reconstruction of symbolist free verse.