论乔治·爱略特小说对“工作福音”和“艺术福音”文化观念的再现

The Representation of “the Gospel of Work” and “the Gospel of Art” in George Eliot’s Novels

英国作家乔治·爱略特以小说创作介入19世纪下半叶的英国文化建设,再现了维多利亚时期的重要文化观念。她从自己对维多利亚时期的社会问题的反思出发,敏锐地感受到“现金福音”和“业余福音”的弊端,欣然接受了卡莱尔、罗斯金和莫里斯等人提出的“工作福音”、“艺术福音”观念。她将两种观念融会贯通,在《织工马南》、《亚当·比德》、《米德尔马契》等多部小说中生动描绘了工作的情感性、劳动的音乐性与生活的如画性,揭示工作带来幸福、艺术是愉悦的劳动、艺术地生活等核心观点,体现她作为小说家的社会责任感。

George Eliot,an English writer,has participated in the construction of British culture in the second half of the 19th century through her novels which represent important cultural concepts of the Victorian period.Based on her reflection on the social problems of the Victorian era,Eliot keenly realizes the shortcoming of“the gospel of mammonism”and“the gospel of dilettantism”,and embraces the cultural concepts of“the gospel of work”and“the gospel of art”raised by Carlyle,Ruskin and Morris.Through her thorough understanding of these concepts,Eliot depicts the affectivity of work,the musicality of labor and the poetics of life in her novels such as Silas Marner,Adam Bede,Middlemarch,and reveals the core ideas that work brings happiness,that art is pleasant work,and that living is artistic,demonstrating her social responsibility as a novelist.