时间与艺术趣味的获得——以布迪厄的《区分:判断力的社会批判》为对象

Time and the Acquisition of Artistic Taste: on Bourdieu’s Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste

《区分》一书在布迪厄的理论发展中具有承前启后的作用,布迪厄在该书中通过对艺术趣味的获得方式与时间的关系的分析,揭示出“时间”是艺术趣味等级关系区分的根源,与时间的关系越久远、密切,艺术趣味的获得就显得越自然、隐蔽,也越具有文化上的合法性,并融入到身体性中。艺术趣味是由高雅的与低级的、纯粹的与不纯粹的、形式与功能等对立项所构成的不可分割的社会分类的统一体,其中“纯粹趣味”在艺术趣味中又占据统治地位,“纯粹趣味”的美学通过不断地拒绝与功能性时间相关的东西来确立自身。最后,布迪厄也指出,纯粹趣味和社会区分原则不是静止的,掌握着分类原则的统治阶级与反对这一分类原则的被统治阶级,围绕着区分符号、分类原则和合法化的生活风格不断进行着“象征斗争”。

The book Distinction serves as a link in Bourdieu’s theoretical development in which Bourdieu reveals that “time” is the root to classify the hierarchical relationship of artistic taste by analyzing the relationship between the acquisition of artistic taste and time. It indicates the longer and closer the relationship between the time and the artistic taste is, the more natural and covert the acquisition of artistic taste will be, and it will be also more culturally legitimate and integrated into the body. Artistic taste is an inseparable unity of social classification that is composed of the refined and the vulgar, the pure and the impure, and the form and function. Among them, “pure taste” occupies a dominant position in artistic taste and the aesthetics of “pure taste” establishes itself by constantly rejecting things related to the functional time. Finally, Bourdieu also pointed out that pure taste and the principle of social distinction are not static as the ruling class that holds the principle of classification and the ruled class that opposes it are constantly engaged in a “symbolic struggle” concerning the distinction symbols, the classification principles and the legitimate lifestyle.