基于近5年直接育成品种数的小麦创新种质应用价值评价

Evaluation of the Application Value of Innovative Germplasm in Wheat by the Number of Varieties Directly Bred in Recent Five Years

为更科学地评价小麦创新种质对育成品种的作用及应用前景,以鲁麦14及其骨干衍生种质为例,用近5年直接育成品种数分析了其对育成品种的贡献。1996—2020年以鲁麦14为亲本,共育成品种213个,鲁麦14直接育成品种39个,其骨干衍生种质济麦22、良星99、莱州137、淮麦18、济麦20、淮麦20、泰农18育成品种分别为60、24、18、17、15、13、10个,这些骨干衍生种质共育成品种157个,占鲁麦14所有育成品种的73.7%。近5年济麦22、良星99、济麦20、泰农18、淮麦20、淮麦18、鲁麦14、莱州137直接育成品种数分别为57、23、14、10、9、7、3和2个,鲁麦14对近代育种的作用正在被济麦22、良星99、济麦20等骨干衍生种质所代替。用近5年直接育成品种数来评价创新种质的育种价值,既能体现过去5年创新种质对育成品种的直接贡献,又能预测创新种质对未来育种的应用前景和潜在价值,对于有预见性、目的性地指导小麦育种具有重要意义。

To evaluate scientifically the effects and application prospect of innovative germplasm in wheat on breeding varieties,we analyzed the contribution of Lumai 14 and its backbone derived germplasm to breeding varieties by using the number of varieties directly bred in recent five years.From 1996 to 2020,a total of 213 varieties were bred from Lumai 14,and 39 varieties were directly bred from Lumai 14.Among them,60,24,18,17,15,13 and 10 varieties were bred from Jimai 22,Liangxing 99,Laizhou 137,Huaimai 18,Jimai 20,Huaimai 20 and Tainong 18,respectively.Of the 213 varieties,157 varieties were bred from these backbone derived germplasms of Lumai 14,accounting for 73.7%of all varieties bred from Lumai 14.In recent five years,there were 57,23,14,10,9,7,3 and 2 varieties directly bred from Jimai 22,Liangxing 99,Jimai 20,Tainong 18,Huaimai 20,Huaimai 18,Lumai 14 and Laizhou 137,respectively.Effects of Lumai 14 on modern breeding were replaced by backbone derived germplasms of Lumai 14,such as Jimai 22,Liangxing 99 and Jimai 20.Evaluation of the breeding value of innovative germplasms by using the number of varieties directly bred in recent five years could not only reflect the direct contribution of innovative germplasms to bred varieties in the past five years,but also predicted the application prospect and potential value of innovative germplasms to future breeding.It was of great significance to guide wheat breeding with foresight and purpose by the above evaluation method.