吴家山黄山松人工林植物群落结构特征分析

Community Structure Characteristics of Pinus taiwanensis Plantation in Wujiashan

[目的]研究湖北英山吴家山黄山松人工林植物群落结构特征,预测黄山松种群发展趋势及对当地生态系统的影响。[方法]采用样方法调查黄山松人工林物种种类、个体数目、高度、盖度、胸径等,分析各层物种重要值、径级结构、空间分布格局。[结果]黄山松人工林共有维管植物53科85属97种,具有明显分层结构。其中63个物种重要值≥1.00%,包括乔木12种、灌木26种、草本25种。其中黄山松的多度、频度均为最高,为乔木层建群种。毛竹为乔木层的第2优势种,黄檀为灌木层的优势种,沿阶草、蕨以及蓬蘽为草本层的优势种。黄山松的径级分布呈双峰型,在11~12和15~16 cm出现2个明显的峰,且出现断层,即5 cm以下个体数为0。第2优势种毛竹的径级结构在5~15 cm呈近正态分布,有98.85%的个体集中于该区段。灌木层优势种黄檀82.59%的个体胸径集中在1~2 cm。黄山松的空间分布格局具有尺度依赖性特征,具体呈现小尺度上成群分布,大尺度上呈现随机分布。[结论]黄山松在吴家山人工林占据绝对优势地位,但径级结构分析显示,其种群随时间推移而呈现衰落,失去优势地位。

[Objective]To predict the development trend of Pinus taiwanensis population and its impact on the local ecosystem,and study the plant community structure characteristics of Pinus taiwanensis plantation in Wujiashan,Yingshan,Hubei Province.[Method]We investigated the species,quantity,height,coverage,and DBH in Pinus taiwanensis plantation,and analyzed the importance value,diameter structure and spatial distribution pattern of species at each layer.[Result]There were 97 vascular plants belonging to 85 genera and 53 families,which had obvious hierarchical structure.The important value of 63 species was above 1.00%,including 12 trees,26 shrubs and 25 herbs.Phyllostachys edulis was the second dominant species in the tree layer.Dalbergia hupeana was the dominant species in the shrub layer,and three dominant species in the herb layer were Ophiopogon bodinier,Pteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum and Rubus hirsutus.The diameter distribution of Pinus taiwanensis showed a bimodal pattern,with two obvious peaked at 11-12 cm and 15-16 cm,and a gap below 5 cm without any individuals.The second dominant species of Phyllostachys edulis had a nearly normal distribution in diameter class structure from 5-15 cm,and 98.85%of individuals concentrated in this section.82.59%of the individuals of Dalbergia hupeana were concentrated in 1-2 cm.The spatial distribution pattern of Pinus taiwanensis was scale dependent,which showed group distribution pattern at small scale and random distribution pattern at large scale.[Conclusion]Pinus taiwanensis occupies an absolute dominant position in Wujiashan Plantation,but its population would decline and lose its dominant position at future.