高速铁路钢轨擦伤仿真分析及检测研究进展

Research Progress on Simulation Analysis and Inspection of Rail Burn on High Speed Railway

通过对钢轨擦伤的相关文献调研,综述了钢轨擦伤的特征和成因、基于仿真的钢轨擦伤机理研究以及钢轨擦伤的主要检测方法。擦伤通常会以单轨分布或双轨对称分布的形式出现在进出站信号机前后、长大坡道和曲线段处,列车轴重、线路平纵断面、轨面状态、启动制动和轮轨接触关系会对擦伤的形成产生影响;仿真分析是分析擦伤机理的一种有效方法,通过建立热力耦合仿真模型可以实现对擦伤机理的研究;机器视觉和涡流检测均实现了对擦伤的车载检测,轴箱加速度检测可识别出冲击响应较大的擦伤位置,3种检测方法结合可提升擦伤检出率。

Based on a review of relevant literature,this paper summarizes the characteristics and causes of rail burns,the simulation-based research on the mechanism of rail burns,and the main rail burn detection methods.Rail burns usually appear in the form of single-track distribution or symmetrical double-track distribution in front of and behind the home signal&starting signal,on long steep grades and in curve sections.Train axle load,line horizontal and longitudinal sections,rail surface status,starting and braking,as well as wheel-rail contact relation,can all have an impact on burn formation.Simulation analysis is an effective method to analyze the burn mechanism,which can be achieved by establishing a thermodynamic coupling simulation model.Both machine vision and eddy current testing can realize the on-board detection of burns,and the axle box acceleration testing can identify burn positions with high impact response.The combination of the three testing methods can increase the rate of burn detection.