冲突与协调:侦查阶段隐私权保障研究

Conflict and Reconciliation:A Study of Privacy Guarantees in the Investigation Phase

个人信息尤其是用于识别个人身份的隐私信息,是成功锁定实行犯身份破解刑事案件的关键。然而,“侦查需要”与“隐私权保障”之间存在一定冲突,大数据侦查时代更是进一步加剧了二者的冲突。从侦查阶段隐私权立法规定变迁史来看,当前我国对于侦查阶段隐私权保障采取“有限权利论”基本立场,实现了权利保障“从无到有”的进步,但是隐私权保障仍处于薄弱环节,绝大多数情况下个人隐私权让位于“侦查需要”的目的。结合其他部门法以及《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》整体发展方向,未来侦查阶段隐私权保障必将朝着逐步加强权利保障的方向前进。在坚持合法性原则、比例原则基础上,通过强化“权力控制”机制以及引入“权利保障”机制两方面,进一步细化侦查阶段隐私权保障具体内容。

Personal information,especially the private information used to identify individuals,is the key to successfully locking the identity of the perpetrator and cracking the criminal case.However,there is a certain conflict between"investigation needs"and"privacy protection",and the conflict between the two is further intensified in the era of big data investigation.From the history of legislative changes of the privacy right in the investigation stage,China currently adopts the basic position of"limited rights theory"for the protection of privacy in the investigation stage,which has achieved the progress of"from nothing to something",but the protection of privacy is still at a weak stage.In most cases,the privacy right of individuals gives way to the purpose of"investigation needs".Combined with other sectoral laws and the overall development direction of the Criminal Procedure Law,the future protection of privacy in the investigation stage will certainly move in the direction of gradually strengthening the protection of rights.On the basis of the principle of legality and proportionality,the specific content of privacy protection at the investigation stage will be further refined by strengthening the"power control"mechanism and introducing the"rights protection"mechanism.