气·象·道——评朱志荣《中国艺术哲学》中的范畴体系

Qi, Image and Tao——On the Category System in Zhu Zhirong’s Book Chinese Philosophy of Art

中华民族源远流长而又丰富多样的艺术实践,产生并发展了一系列艺术范畴,譬如虚静、养气、神思、感兴、风骨、妙悟、和谐等。这些范畴看似分散,都有自身的特性,但却形成了一个充满勃勃生气、自然灵动、蕴含哲思和诗性智慧的体系。从本源范畴来看,中国艺术哲学中最基础的就是“气”,这不仅是万事万物的存在基础,也是艺术作品不可或缺的根基。有了“气”,意象世界得以呈现;在形态范畴层面,中国艺术是一个“意象”生成、变幻与发展的过程,其中积淀形成了一个深厚、博大而又充满灵性的体系,满目皆是“意象”;从终极范畴来看,艺术意象世界的最根本意义就在于“道”,以“象”显“道”,以达到“畅神”的艺术至境。

Historically, a series of artistic categories, such as emptiness, calmness, spiritual thinking, moving, character,interest, insight, harmony, etc. came into being and were developed from the rich and diverse artistic practice of the Chinese nation. Seemingly, these categories are scattered individually with their own characteristics, however, they have worked jointly and formed a system imbued with vitality, natural and witty elements, and philosophical and poetic wisdom.From the perspective of the origin category, what is fundamental in Chinese art philosophy is "Qi", which makes the existence of everything possible and also serves as the indispensable foundation for artistic works. With "Qi", the image world can present itself;At the level of form category, Chinese art can be interpreted as a process in which the“image”is generated, changed and developed. In the process a profound, broad and spiritually witty system is formed with the accumulation of“image”and“image”is found everywhere;From the perspective of the ultimate category, the most fundamental significance of the artistic image world lies in "Tao", which is hidden in and revealed by“image”.“Tao”marks the realization of the ultimate artistic state of“spiritual freedom”.