2017-2019年福州市重点人群碘缺乏病监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders among key populations in Fuzhou from 2017 to 2019

目的掌握福州市重点人群碘营养状况及碘缺乏病病情变化趋势。方法2017年3月至2019年10月,采用横断面调查方法,在福州市12个县(市、区)开展重点人群碘缺乏病监测工作。每个县(市、区)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡镇/街道,每个乡镇/街道抽取1所小学的40名8~10岁非寄宿儿童(年龄均衡、男女各半)和20名孕妇作为调查对象。采集儿童和孕妇家中食用盐盐样、即时尿样,检测盐碘、尿碘含量;采用B超法测量儿童甲状腺容积,计算甲状腺肿大(甲肿)率。结果2017-2019年,共采集儿童家中食用盐盐样7479份,盐碘中位数为23.40 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为94.06%(7035/7479),碘盐合格率为97.70%(6873/7035),合格碘盐食用率为91.90%(6873/7479);共采集孕妇家中食用盐盐样3602份,盐碘中位数为23.69 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为94.73%(3412/3602),碘盐合格率为97.66%(3332/3412),合格碘盐食用率为92.50%(3332/3602)。共采集儿童尿样7479份,尿碘中位数为172.70μg/L;共采集孕妇尿样3602份,尿碘中位数为131.21μg/L。共检查7479例儿童甲状腺,其中甲肿89例,甲肿率为1.19%。结论福州市重点人群合格碘盐食用率(>90%)、儿童尿碘(100~<200μg/L)及甲肿率(<5%)均符合国家碘缺乏病消除标准,但孕妇存在碘缺乏的风险(尿碘<150μg/L)。

Objective To learn about the changing trend of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)and the iodine nutrition level of key populations in Fuzhou.Methods From March 2017 to October 2019,a cross-sectional survey method was used to carry out IDD monitoring among key populations in 12 counties(cities,districts)of Fuzhou.In each county(city,district),one township/street was selected from five directions:East,West,South,North and Middle.Forty non-boarding children aged 8-10(age balanced,half male and half female)from one primary school and 20 pregnant women in each township/street were selected as the survey subjects.The edible salt samples and instant urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine;the thyroid volume of children was measured by B-ultrasound,and the goiter rate was calculated.Results From 2017 to 2019,a total of 7479 edible salt samples were collected from children's homes,and the median salt iodine was 23.40 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.06%(7035/7479),the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.70%(6873/7035),and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 91.90%(6873/7479).A total of 3602 edible salt samples were collected from pregnant women's homes,and the median salt iodine was 23.69 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.73%(3412/3602),the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.66%(3332/3412),and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 92.50%(3332/3602).A total of 7479 urine samples were collected from children,and the median urinary iodine was 172.70μg/L.A total of 3602 urine samples were collected from pregnant women,and the median urinary iodine was 131.21μg/L.A total of 7479 cases of thyroid gland in children were examined,including 89 cases of goiter,and the goiter rate was 1.19%.Conclusions The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt(>90%)of key populations,urinary iodine(100-<200μg/L)and goiter rate(<5%)of children in Fuzhou are all in line with the national standard for elimination of IDD,but pregnant women are at risk of iodine deficiency(urinary iodine<150μg/L).