贵州习水国家级自然保护区4种植被类型树附生苔藓植物多样性研究

Diversity of Epiphytic Bryophytes for Four Vegetation Types in Guizhou Xishui National Nature Reserve

探究贵州习水国家级自然保护区不同植被类型树附生苔藓植物多样性,揭示不同植被类型树附生苔藓植物的分布规律,为该保护区苔藓植物资源保护提供理论依据。对4种植被类型的树附生苔藓植物进行调查分析,结果表明,(1)该调查共记录树附生苔藓植物33科49属109种,其中,常绿阔叶林共计18科23属41种,南酸枣林(Choerospondias axillaris forest)12科17属33种,针叶阔叶混交林22科26属45种,大头茶-楠木林(Polyspora axillaris-Phoebe zhennan forest)20科23属39种。(2)4种植被类型树附生苔藓植物优势种存在较大差异,常绿阔叶林优势种为芽条细鳞苔(Lejeunea cocoes)、白绿细鳞苔(Lejeunea pallide-virens)和暗绿多枝藓(Haplohymenium triste);南酸枣林优势种为异叶细鳞苔(Lejeunea anisophylla)、东亚附干藓(Schwetschkea laxa)和薄壁卷柏藓(Racopilum cuspidigerum);针叶阔叶混交林优势种为卷叶鞭苔(Bazzania yoshinagana)、桧叶白发藓(Leucobryum juniperoideum)和芽胞裂萼苔(Chiloscyphus minor);大头茶-楠木林优势种有黄色细鳞苔(Lejeunea flava)、平叶梳藓(Ctenidium homalophyllum)和桧叶白发藓。(3)4种植被类型的树附生苔藓植物生活型多样,有丛集型、垫状型、粗平铺型、细平铺型、交织型、扇形和叶状体型等7种生活型,其中细平铺型和粗平铺型所包含种类最多;常绿阔叶林、针叶阔叶混交林和大头茶-楠木林均具有7种苔藓植物生活型,南酸枣林仅有粗平铺型、细平铺型、交织型、扇型4种生活型。(4)4种植被类型树附生苔藓植物α多样性由高到低依次为大头茶-楠木林、常绿阔叶林、针叶阔叶混交林、南酸枣林;常绿阔叶林与针叶阔叶混交林之间的Jaccard指数最高,共有物种最多;大头茶-楠木林与南酸枣林之间的Jaccard指数最低,共有物种最少。

Investigation of the diversity of epiphytic bryophyte of different vegetation types in Guizhou Xishui National Nature Reserve can reveal the distribution of epiphytic bryophytes of different vegetation types, and provide a theoretical basis for the protection of bryophyte resources in this reserve. Our investigation of the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the four planting types found that(1) Among a total of 109 species of epiphytic bryophytes under 49 genera of 33 families, 41 species from 23 genera of 18 families were observed in Evergreen broad-leaved forest, 33 species from 17 genera of 12 families were recorded in Choerospondias axillaris forest,45 species under 26 genera of 22 families were found in Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, and 39 species under 23 genera of 20families were found in Polyspora axillaris-Phoebe zhennan forest.(2) The dominant species of epiphytic bryophytes are quite different among the four vegetation types. Specifically, the dominant species are Lejeunea cocoes, Lejeunea pallide-virens and Haplohymenium triste in Evergreen broad-leaved forest;Lejeunea anisophylla, Schwetschkea laxa and Racopilum cuspidigerum in Choerospondias axillaris forest;Bazzania yoshinagana, Leucobryum juniperoideum and Chiloscyphus minor in mixed Coniferous broad-leaved forest;and Lejeunea flava, Ctenidium homalophyllum and Leucobryum juniperoideum in Polyspora axillaris-Phoebe zhennan forest,respectively;(3) Seven life forms of epiphytic bryophytes were found including Turfs, Cushions, Rough mats, Smooth mats, Wefts,Fans and Leaf shape. The most species are Smooth mats and Rough mats. A total of seven life forms were found in Evergreen broad-leaved forest, Mixed Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and Polyspora axillaris-Phoebe zhennan forest, while only 4 life forms were found in Choerospondias axillaris forest, i.e., Rough mats, Smooth mats, Wefts and Fans;(4) The α-diversity of epiphytic bryophytes in the four vegetation types ranked from highest to lowest as Polyspora axillaris-Phoebe zhennan forest,Evergreen broad-leaved forest, Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and Choerospondias axillaris forest, Jaccard index between Polyspora axillaris-Phoebe zhennan forest and Choerospondias axillaris forest was the lowest, and the common species were the least. The Jaccard index between Evergreen broad-leaved forest and Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest, and the common species were the most.