发酵大豆皮对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆生化及免疫指标的影响

Effects of Fermented Soybean Hulls on Reproductive Performance,Plasma Biochemical and Immune Indices in Pregnant Sows

本试验旨在研究发酵大豆皮(FSH)对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆生化及免疫指标的影响。选取遗传背景一致、体况和健康良好、配种日期接近的3~6胎次母猪(长×大)325头,随机分成5组,每组65头。试验饲粮用FSH逐步梯度等量替代基础饲粮中未发酵大豆皮,其中各组FSH比例分别为0(FSH0组,对照)、2%(FSH2组)、4%(FSH4组)、6%(FSH6组)和8%(FSH8组),对应未发酵大豆皮比例分别为8%、6%、4%、2%和0。试验母猪定位栏饲养,试验从妊娠30 d开始至妊娠110 d结束,共80 d。结果表明:1)随着试验饲粮FSH比例增加,母猪窝健仔数、初生窝重和仔猪初生个体重呈线性增加(P_(Linear)<0.05),仔猪初生重标准差呈线性下降(P_(Linear)<0.05),母猪产程有线性降低趋势(P_(Linear)=0.076)。与对照组相比,FSH对仔猪初生窝重和初生重标准差有显著影响(P_(ANOVA)<0.05)。2)随着试验饲粮FSH比例增加,妊娠60 d血浆尿素含量呈线性降低(P_(Linear)<0.05),妊娠60和90 d血浆总蛋白含量和谷草转氨酶活性呈二次效应变化(P_(Quadratic)<0.05),妊娠90 d血浆碱性磷酸酶活性表现出二次效应趋势(P_(Quadratic)=0.082)。3)随着试验饲粮FSH比例增加,妊娠60 d血浆胰岛素含量呈二次效应变化(P_(Quadratic)<0.05),妊娠90 d血浆肾上腺素含量也呈二次效应变化(P_(Quadratic)<0.05)。4)随着试验饲粮FSH比例增加,妊娠60 d血浆免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量呈线性增加(P_(Linear)<0.05),妊娠90 d没有显著变化(P>0.05)。由此可见,FSH可以改善妊娠母猪生理代谢,增加血浆免疫球蛋白含量,对母猪的繁殖性能产生积极影响。在本试验条件下,综合母猪机体生理代谢和繁殖性能数据,FSH在饲粮中适宜添加比例为6%。

The experiment aimed to study the effects of fermented soybean hulls(FSH)on the reproductive performance,plasma biochemical and immune indices in pregnant sows.Three hundred and twenty-five sows of parity 3 to 6(Landrace×Yorkshire)with similar body weight,genetics,physical condition,and mating date were selected,and randomly divided into 5 groups with 65 sows in each group.Based on a basal diet,the unfermented soybean hull was gradually replaced by FSH,where the replacement proportion was 0(FSH0 group,control group),2%(FSH2 group),4%(FSH4 group),6%(FSH6 group)and 8%(FSH8 group),respectively.The proportion of unfermented soybean hulls was 8%,6%,4%,2%and 0,respectively.The experimental sows were reared in positioning pens.The trial lasted for 80 days from 30 days of gestation to 110 days of gestation.The results showed as follows:1)with the gradual increase in the proportion of FSH in the experimental diets,the number of healthy litter,litter weight and piglet birth weight increased linearly(P_(Linear)<0.05).The weight variation value decreased linearly(P_(Linear)<0.05),and the sow farrowing process showed a linear decrease trend(P_(Linear)=0.076).Compared with the control group,FSH had a significant effect on the piglet litter weight and the variation value of birth weight(P_(ANOVA)<0.05).2)With the gradual increase in the proportion of FSH in the experimental diets,the content of urea in plasma decreased linearly(P_(Linear)<0.05)on day 60 of gestation,the total protein content and aspartate transaminase activity in plasma on days 60 and 90 of gestation showed a secondary effect change(P_(Quadratic)<0.05),and alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma showed a secondary effect trend(P_(Quadratic)=0.082).3)With the gradual increase in the proportion of FSH in the experimental diets,on day 60 of gestation,plasma insulin content of sows increased linearly(P_(Linear)<0.05),and plasma epinephrine content on day 90 of gestation showed a secondary effect change(P_(Quadratic)<0.05).4)With the gradual increase in the proportion of FSH in the experimental diets,the plasma immunoglobulin(Ig)G and IgM contents increased linearly(P_(Linear)<0.05)on day 60 of gestation in sows,but had no significant effect on day 90 of gestation(P>0.05).In conclusion,supplemental FSH can improve the plasma physiological metabolism of sows,increase the plasma immunoglobulin content,and have a positive impact on the reproductive performance.Under the conditions of this experiment,based on the physiological metabolism and reproductive performance,the appropriate additional amount of FSH is 6%.