乳酸菌不同饲喂方式对肉鸡生长性能、粗蛋白质表观代谢率及肠道健康的影响

Effects of Different Feeding Methods of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth Performance,Crude Protein Apparent Metabolic Rate and Intestinal Health of Broilers

本试验旨在研究乳酸菌不同饲喂方式对肉鸡生长性能、粗蛋白质表观代谢率及肠道健康的影响,以探讨乳酸菌在肉鸡上的适宜饲喂方式。选择1日龄的爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡192只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮;拌料组(MIX组)在基础饲粮中添加乳酸菌菌液;灌服组(OI组)饲喂基础饲粮,并口腔灌服乳酸菌菌液;饮水组(DW组)饲喂基础饲粮,并在饮水中添加乳酸菌菌液。乳酸菌菌液活菌数为4×109 CFU/mL。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)在1~42日龄,DW组和MIX组平均日增重显著高于CON组(P<0.05),MIX组、OI组和DW组料重比显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。2)21和42日龄时,MIX组、OI组和DW组粗蛋白质表观代谢率均显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。3)21日龄,MIX组、OI组和DW组空肠绒毛高度、绒毛表面积和绒隐比均显著高于CON组(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著低于CON组(P<0.05);MIX组、DW组回肠绒毛表面积、绒隐比显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。42日龄,DW组空肠、回肠绒毛高度、绒隐比均显著高于其他各组(P>0.05)。4)各组盲肠主要微生物是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门。21、42日龄时,MIX组、OI组和DW组盲肠双歧杆菌数量均显著高于CON组(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。综上所述,3种乳酸菌饲喂方式均可不同程度提高肉鸡生长性能和粗蛋白质表观代谢率,改善肠道形态和肠道菌群结构,其中以饮水方式饲喂的效果更佳。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different feeding methods of lactic acid bacteria on growth performance,crude protein apparent metabolic rate and intestinal health of broilers,and to explore the optimal feeding method of lactic acid bacteria on broilers.A total of 192 one-day-old Arbor Acres(AA)broilers were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 chickens in each replicate.The control group(CON group)was fed a basal diet;the mixing group(MIX group)was fed the basal diet supplemented with lactic acid bacteria liquid;the orally administered group(OI group)was fed a basal diet,and orally administered lactic acid bacteria liquid;the drinking water group(DW group)was fed a basal diet,and supplemented lactic acid bacteria liquid in drinking water.The viable bacteria count of lactic acid bacteria liquid was 4×109 CFU/mL.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)during 1 to 42 days of age,the average daily weight gain of DW group and MIX group was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain of MIX group,OI group and DW group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).2)At 21 and 42 days of age,the crude protein apparent metabolic rate of MIX group,OI group and DW group was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05).3)At 21 days of age,the jejunal villus height,villus surface area and villus height to crypt depth ratio of MIX group,OI group and DW group were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05),and the crypt depth was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05);the ileal villus surface area and villus height to crypt depth ratio of MIX group and DW group were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05).At 42 days of age,the jejunal and ileal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of DW group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).4)In each group,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main microbe in cecum.At 21 and 42 days of age,the cecal Bifidobacterium number of MIX group,OI group and DW group was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05),and the Escherichia coli number was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the three feeding methods of lactic acid bacteria can improve the growth performance and crude protein apparent metabolic rate of broilers,and improve the intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial structure,therefore,the effect of feeding with drinking water is better.