西藏地区荷斯坦犊牛断奶前后粪便菌群差异分析

Analysis of Fecal Bacteria Community Difference between Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Calves in Tibet Region

本试验旨在研究西藏地区荷斯坦犊牛断奶前后粪便菌群的变化情况。在365头2021年出生的荷斯坦犊牛中,选取8头体重相近的健康荷斯坦犊牛,在断奶前[(60±2)日龄]和断奶后[(120±2)日龄]采用直肠采粪法采集粪便样品,检测其中菌群组成。结果显示:1)断奶前后犊牛粪便菌群的Sobs指数、Ace指数、Chao1指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。2)主坐标分析显示,断奶前后犊牛粪便菌群的Beta多样性也存在显著差异(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,断奶前犊牛和断奶后犊牛均以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门为优势菌;与断奶前犊牛相比,断奶后犊牛粪便菌群中Patescibacteria和Campilobacterota的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05)。4)在科水平上,断奶前犊牛和断奶后犊牛均以毛螺菌科、颤螺旋菌科、普雷沃氏菌科为优势菌;与断奶前犊牛相比,断奶后犊牛粪便菌群中颤螺旋菌科、鼠杆菌科、理研菌科、丹毒丝菌科、克里斯滕森菌科、Anaerovoracaceae、梭菌科、norank_o_RF39、Monoglobaceae和UCG-010的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),而乳杆菌科、拟杆菌科、瘤胃菌科、丁酸弧菌科和红蝽菌科的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。5)在属水平上,与断奶前犊牛相比,断奶后犊牛粪便菌群中UCG-005、norank_f_Muribaculaceae、unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae、理研菌科RC9属、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003、Paeniclostridium、克里斯滕森菌科R-7群、粪球菌属、狭义梭菌属1、不动杆菌属、norank_f_norank_o_RF39的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),而乳杆菌属、类杆菌属、布劳特氏菌属、Faecalibacterium的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。综上可知,在本试验中,西藏地区荷斯坦犊牛在3月龄进行断奶,断奶前后的粪便菌群多样性及丰富度存在明显改变,该结果可为高海拔地区荷斯坦犊牛饲养管理提供参考信息。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the changes in fecal bacteria community of calves before and after weaning in Tibet region.Among 365 Holstein calves born in 2021,eight Holstein calves with similar body weight were selected.Fecal samples were collected by rectal manure method to determine the fecal bacteria community composition before weaning[(60±2)days of age]and after weaning[(120±2)days of age].The results showed as follows:Sobs index,Ace index,Chao1 index,Simpson index and Shannon index of fecal bacteria community of pre-weaning calves and post-weaning calves were significantly different(P<0.05).2)Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)showed that there was a significant difference in Beta diversity of fecal bacterial community between pre-weaning and post-weaning calves(P<0.01).3)At the phylum level,both pre-weaning calves and post-weaning calves were characterized by Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria.Compared with pre-weaning calves,the relative abundances of Patescibacteria and Campilobacterota of fecal bacteria community of post-weaning calves were significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)At the family level,the dominant bacteria of both pre-weaning and post-weaning calves were Lachnospiraceae,Oscillospiraceae and Prevotellaceae.Compared with pre-weaning calves,the relative abundances of Oscillospiraceae,Muribaculaceae,Rikenellaceae,Erysipelotrichaceae,Christensenellaceae,Anaerovoracaceae,Clostridiaceae,norank_o_RF39,Monoglobaceae and UCG-010 of fecal bacteria community of post-weaning calves were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Ruminococcaceae,Butyricicoccaceae and Coriobacteriaceae were significantly reduced(P<0.05).5)At the genus level,compared with pre-weaning calves,the relative abundances of UCG-005,norank_f_Muribaculaceae,unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Prevotellaceae_UCG-003,Paeniclostridium,Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,Coprococcus,Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,Agathobacter,norank_f_norank_o_RF39 of fecal bacteria community of post-weaning calves were decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Lactobacillus,Bacteroides,Blautia and Faecalibacterium were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,in this experiment,Holstein calves are weaned at 3 months of age in Tibet region,there are obviously changes in diversity and richness of bacteria community of Holstein calves before and after weaning.This study provides reference information for the feeding and management of calves in high-altitude regions.