甜菜碱、维生素和电解质离子复合制剂对热应激奶牛生产性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

Effects of Betaine,Vitamins and Electrolyte Ions Compound Preparation on Performance and Serum Biochemical,Antioxidant and Immune Indexes of Heat Stressed Dairy Cows

本试验旨在研究甜菜碱、维生素和电解质离子复合制剂对热应激奶牛生产性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。试验选取30头泌乳天数、胎次、产奶量相近且体况良好的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,复合制剂组在基础饲粮的基础上每头牛补饲10 g/d复合制剂。预试期14 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)第21、42天,复合制剂组奶牛直肠温度和呼吸频率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)第22~42天和第1~42天,复合制剂组奶牛产奶量、干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第21、42天,2组之间奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、总固形物含量以及体细胞数无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)第21、42天,复合制剂组奶牛血清β-羟基丁酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)第21、42天,复合制剂组奶牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第21天,复合制剂组奶牛血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第21、42天,2组之间奶牛血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)第21天,复合制剂组奶牛血清免疫球蛋白G含量与对照组相比有升高的趋势(P=0.076)。第21、42天,2组之间奶牛血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加10 g/d复合制剂可降低热应激奶牛直肠温度和呼吸频率,提高干物质采食量和产奶量,改善抗氧化能力和免疫功能。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of betaine,vitamins and electrolyte ions compound preparation on performance and serum biochemical,antioxidant and immune indexes of heat stressed dairy cows.Thirty healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar lactation day,parity,and milk yield were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 cow per replicate.Dairy cows in the control group were fed a basal diet,and others in the compound preparation group were fed basal diet supplemented with 10 g/d compound preparation per cow.The pre-experimental period lasted for 14 days,and the experimental period lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)on days 21 and 42,the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of dairy cows in compound preparation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).2)During days 22 to 42 and days 1 to 42,the milk yield and dry matter intake of dairy cows in compound preparation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).On days 21 and 42,there were no significant differences in milk fat rate,milk protein rate,lactose rate,total solid content and somatic cell counts of dairy cows between 2 groups(P>0.05).3)On days 21 and 42,the serumβ-hydroxybutyric acid content of dairy cows in compound preparation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).4)On days 21 and 42,the serum glutathione peroxidase activity of dairy cows in compound preparation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);on day 21,the serum catalase activity of dairy cows in compound preparation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).On days 21 and 42,there were no significant differences in serum superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity of dairy cows between 2 groups(P>0.05).5)On day 21,the serum immunoglobulin G content of dairy cows in compound preparation group was tended to increase compared with the control group(P=0.076).On days 21 and 42,there were no significant differences in contents of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M in serum of dairy cows between 2 groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of 10 g/d compound preparation can reduce the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of heat stressed dairy cows,improve dry matter intake and milk yield,and enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function.