限饲对福建白兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、血清免疫和脂类指标、肠道形态及盲肠菌群的影响

Effects of Feed Restriction on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat quality,Serum Immune and Lipid Indexes,Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora of Fujian White Rabbits

本试验旨在研究不同限饲方式对福建白兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、血清免疫和脂类指标、肠道形态及盲肠菌群的影响。选取4周龄健康、体重相近的福建白兔300只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只(公母各占1/2)。A组(对照组)自由采食,限饲组(B、C、D、E组)日饲喂量均为A组前1天平均日采食量的80%,限饲方式分别为每天饲喂1次(08:00饲喂100%,B组)、每天饲喂1次(16:00饲喂100%,C组)、每天饲喂2次(08:00饲喂50%和16:00饲喂50%,D组)和每天饲喂2次(08:00饲喂30%和16:00饲喂70%,E组)。试验期共9周,包括1周的预试期和8周的正试期。测定各组生长性能,并测定A、C和D组屠宰性能、肉品质、血清免疫和脂类指标、肠道形态及盲肠菌群。结果表明:1)B、C、D、E组终末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均极显著低于A组(P<0.01)。A组腹泻率显著或极显著高于C、D、E组(P<0.05或P<0.01),死亡率显著高于D、E组(P<0.05)。2)C、D组宰前活重、全净膛重、半净膛重、腹脂重和腹脂率均极显著低于A组(P<0.01)。3)A组背最长肌粗脂肪含量极显著高于C、D组(P<0.01)。4)C、D组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著或极显著高于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量极显著低于A组(P<0.01)。5)D组十二指肠和空肠的绒毛长度显著大于A组(P<0.05)。6)A组的Shannon指数显著高于D组(P<0.05),Simpson指数显著低于D组(P<0.05)。D组盲肠瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)相对丰度显著高于A、C组(P<0.05),D组盲肠Marvinbryantia相对丰度显著低于A、C组(P<0.05)。综上所述,按自由采食量的80%限饲,可以改善福建白兔肠道形态和盲肠菌群,促进肠道健康,提高血清免疫球蛋白含量,降低血清脂类含量、肌肉粗脂肪含量、料重比、腹泻率和死亡率,且每天饲喂2次(08:00饲喂50%和16:00饲喂50%)的限饲方式综合效果最佳。

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different feed restriction methods on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,serum immune and lipid indexes,intestinal morphology and cecal microflora of Fujian white rabbits.A total of 300 healthy 4-week-old Fujian white rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 rabbits per replicate(half male and half female).Rabbits in group A(control group)ad libitum intake,the others in feed restriction groups(groups B,C,D and E)were restricted by 80%of the average daily feed intake of group A the day before,and the feed restriction methods were fed once every day(fed 100%at 08:00,group B),fed once every day(fed 100%at 16:00,group C),fed twice every day(fed 50%at 08:00 and 50%at 16:00,group D)and fed twice every day(fed 70%at 08:00 and 30%at 16:00,group E),respectively.The experimental period lasted for 9 weeks,including 1 week of pre-experimental period and 8 weeks of formal experimental period.The growth performance of all groups was measured,and the slaughter performance,meat quality,serum immune and lipid indexes,intestinal morphology and cecal microflora of groups A,C and D were measured.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio of groups B,C,D and E were significantly lower than those of group A(P<0.01).The diarrhea rate of group A was significantly higher than that of groups C,D and E(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the mortality rate was significantly higher than that of groups D and E(P<0.05).2)The pre-slaughter body weight,all carcass weight,half carcass weight,abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate of groups C and D were significantly lower than those of group A(P<0.01).3)The longissimus dorsi ether extract content of group A was significantly higher than that of groups C and D(P<0.01).4)The contents of immunoglobulin M(IgM)and immunoglobulin A(IgA)in serum of groups C and D were significantly higher than those of group A(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)in serum were significantly higher than those of group A(P<0.01).5)The villus length in duodenum and jejunum of group D was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.01).6)The Shannon index of group A was significantly higher than that of group D(P<0.05),and the Simpson index was significantly lower than that of group D(P<0.05).The cecal Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group relative abundance of group D was significantly higher than that of groups A and C(P<0.05),and the cecal Marvinbryantia relative abundance was significantly lower than that of groups A and C(P<0.05).In conclusion,the feed restriction of 80%free feed intake can improve the intestinal morphology and cecal microflora of Fujian white rabbits,promote the intestinal health,increase the serum immunoglobulin content,decrease the serum lipid content,muscle ether extract content,feed to gain ratio,diarrhea rate and mortality rate,and the feed restriction method of feeding twice every day(fed 50%at 08:00 and 50%at 16:00)has the best comprehensive effects.