基于知信行理论的健康管理在脑卒中患者子女卒中一级预防中的应用

Application of health management based on knowledge,attitude and practice theory in primary prevention of stroke patients'children

目的探讨基于知信行理论的健康管理对脑卒中患者子女卒中预防知信行水平及控制效果的影响。方法选择医院2020年11月—2021年11月75名脑卒中患者脑卒中高危风险子女为研究对象,均给予基于知信行理论的健康管理。干预6个月,比较其干预前后脑卒中预防知信行水平、实验室指标、体质指数(BMI)、卒中风险评分及风险等级。结果干预6个月后,脑卒中患者子女卒中危险因素、服药知识、生活方式、预防知识总分高于干预前;感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处、健康动力、自我效能、预防信念总分高于干预前;基本健康行为、保健行为、避免有害环境行为、戒除不良嗜好行为、预防行为总分高于干预前;收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三脂(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、BMI水平低于干预前;卒中危险评分低于干预前;高危风险率低于干预前。上述各项观察指标,干预前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于知信行理论的健康管理有助于促进脑卒中患者子女卒中预防知信行水平的养成,控制卒中发病危险因素,减少卒中高危风险发生率。

Objective To explore the eff ect of health management based on knowledge,attitude and practice theory on the level of knowledge,attitude and practice and control eff ect of stroke prevention in children of stroke patients.Methods From November 2020 to November 2021,75 middle to high stroke risk children of the stroke patients were selected as the research objects,and all of them were given health management based on knowledge,attitude and practice theory.After 6 months of intervention,the level of knowledge,attitude and practice of stroke prevention,laboratory indicators,body mass index(BMI),stroke risk score and risk grade were compared before and after intervention.Results After 6 months of intervention,the total scores of stroke risk factors,medication knowledge,life style and prevention knowledge in children of stroke patients were higher than the scores before intervention.The total scores of perceived susceptibility,perceived severity,perceived benefi t,health motivation,self-effi cacy and prevention belief were higher than the scores before intervention.The total scores of basic health behaviors,health care behaviors,avoiding harmful environmental behaviors,abstaining from bad habits behaviors,and prevention behaviors were higher than the scores before the intervention.The levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(TC)and BMI were lower than the levels before intervention.Stroke risk score was lower than the score before intervention,the high risk rate was lower than the score before the intervention,there were statistically signifi cant diff erences in the above observation indexes before and after intervention(P<0.05).Conclusions Health management based on knowledge,attitude and practice theory could promote the development of knowledge,attitude and practice level of stroke prevention in children of stroke patients,control the risk factors of stroke,and reduce the incidence of high risk of stroke.