《鲁班经》“椶焦亭”考释

The Textual Research of“Zong Jiao Ting(椶焦亭)”in Lu Ban Jing

鲁班经》“椶焦亭”词义不明,无法确定建筑形制。 释读该条目内“四柱落地”“上三超四”等重要术语发现,“椶焦亭”命名与举折法有关,其形制为双层、重檐、四角攒尖,亭顶举折比例为三分之一。 “举折”有“陠”“峻”“陠峭”等异称,显示出不同角度的构词理据,其中“峻峭”即是“椶焦”的正确词形,“椶”是“峻”的义符改换及形近讹变,讹变链条为“峻→梭→■→椶”,“焦”是“峭”的音近假借或音讹致误。 “峻峭”既表示该建筑系使用举折法修造而成,又形容其屋顶曲面折线坡度陡峭。

The denotation of the word“Zong Jiao Ting(椶焦亭)”in Lu Ban Jing has not yet received correct interpretation until present days.By interpreting the important terms such as“Sizhuluodi(four pillars landing)”and“Shangsancaosi”,it can be determined that the shape of the pavilion is double-layer,double eaves,four corners with sharp points,and the proportion of raising-of-truss(举折)of the top is one third.According to the records of Kao Gong Ji and Ying Zao Fa Shi,raising-of-truss(举折)has five different names:“Bu(陠)”,“Jun(峻)”,“Bu Qiao(陠峭)”,“determine section view”and“apply the Cao Jia(草架)”.Their etymology shows the motivation of word formation from different angles.The word“Jun Qiao(峻峭)”is the correct word form of“Zong Jiao(椶焦)”:“Zong(椶)”is the result of“Jun(峻)”’s semantic symbol changing and character form error,and its erroneous transformation is“峻→梭→→椶”.“Jiao(焦)”is the result of“Qiao(峭)”’s near tone borrowing or near sound error.“Jun Qiao(峻峭)”not only means that the pavilion is built by“raising-of-truss(举折)”method,but also describes the steep slope of the roof surface.