农村集体经济组织特别法人的设立与终止

Establishment and Termination of Special Legal Persons of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

乡村振兴背景下的农村集体经济组织特别法人主体地位是在农村集体经济组织人格分化基础上通过法律赋能取得的。农村集体经济组织与农村集体经济组织特别法人应存在公共职能与经济功能的区分,应将经营性风险锁定在农村集体经济组织特别法人之中,防止风险外溢影响农村集体经济组织公共职能的发挥,在保民生的基础上促发展。农村集体经济组织特别法人的设立采取“培育—核准”模式:培育是指农村集体经济组织特别法人的设立财产为农村集体经济组织的经营性资产,农村集体经济组织特别法人参照农民专业合作社设立标准来确定设立条件;核准是指农村集体经济组织特别法人的设立必须经核准登记。农村集体经济组织特别法人的独立法律地位可因解散、破产等事由终止,其终止后人格降等至事实基础上的农村集体经济组织,农村集体经济组织依旧能够发挥其公共职能。

Under the background of rural revitalization,the subject status of special legal persons of rural collective economic organizations is obtained through legal empowerment on the basis of personality differentiation of rural collective economic organizations.There should be a distinction between public functions and economic functions between rural collective economic organizations and their special legal persons,and the operational risks should be locked in the special legal persons of rural collective economic organizations to prevent risk spillover from affecting the public functions of rural collective economic organizations,and promote development while ensuring people’s living standards.The establishment of special legal persons of rural collective economic organizations should adopt the mode of“cultivation and approval”,and the cultivation means that the independent property established by the special legal persons will be the operational assets of rural collective economic organizations.The special legal persons will determine the conditions of establishment with reference to the standards for the establishment of specialized farmers’cooperatives.The approval requires that the establishing special legal persons of rural collective economic organizations should be approved and registered.The independent legal status of special legal persons can be terminated for reasons such as dissolution or insolvency.After the termination,their personality will be reduced to the fact-based rural collective economic organizations,and the rural collective economic organizations can still perform their public functions.