中东欧国家社会保障制度发展的利益相关者分析

Stakeholders of the Development of Social Security Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries

中东欧国家社会保障制度的发展取决于国际组织、政府、工会和雇主等利益相关者之间的相互作用,不同利益相关者的干预方式和影响程度各不相同。就国际利益相关者来说,由于中东欧国家面临申请加入欧盟的压力以及对贷款援助的需求,因此,欧盟、世界银行与国际货币基金组织对中东欧国家社会保障制度发展产生了较大的影响;而经济合作与发展组织、国际劳工组织和世界卫生组织的政策建议等干预方式对中东欧国家社会保障制度发展的影响力较为有限。就国内利益相关者来说,国内政党多在中东欧国家社会保障制度重建和改革中扮演着重要的角色,而社会伙伴作用有限,政府总是采用各种方式削弱社会伙伴对社会保障制度改革的影响。

The development of social security systems in Central and Eastern European(CEE)countries depends on the interaction among stakeholders,such as international organizations,governments,trade unions and employers.Different international stakeholders tend to intervene in different ways and the impact of their intervention is also different.For international stakeholders,due to the pressure of applying to join the European Union and the demand for loan assistance,the European Union,the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have had a great impact on the development of social security systems in CEE countries.OECD,ILO and WHO interfere in the development of social security systems through policy recommendations,with limited influence.For domestic stakeholders,the social partners play a limited role,but the governments always weaken the influence of the social partners on the reform of social security systems in various ways.