抗非洲猪瘟病毒药物靶点及抗病毒活性物质研究进展

Progress in Research on Potential Drug Targets and Antiviral Constituents Against African Swine Fever Virus Infection

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染引起的具有高度传染性和致死性的猪烈性传染病。至今尚无有效疫苗和治疗药物可用于ASF防控。2018年ASF首次传入我国,几乎席卷了全国所有省份和地区,给我国养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。目前,ASF在世界上多国蔓延且呈现愈演愈烈趋势,导致ASF疫情在我国反弹的风险极大。在ASF疫苗尚未攻克前提下,研制安全有效的抗ASFV药物对疫情防控具有重要意义。本文通过综述抗ASFV药物作用潜在靶点及抗病毒活性物质研究进展,提出靶向ASFV的pS273R酶、Topo II酶、E165R酶、DNA连接酶、p72和pA104R分子以及靶向细胞微管是最有前景的抗ASFV作用靶点,而金雀异黄素、芹菜素、芫花素和杨梅黄酮等黄酮类成分以及多酚类和多糖类物质具有抗ASFV潜力;同时,通过分析目前抗ASFV药物研究存在的问题(尚未经过体内试验验证)进而指出今后需加强的方向(抗ASFV药物临床研究),以期为抗ASFV新药研制提供参考。

African swine fever(ASF)is a highly contagious,often fatal disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV).No licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs against ASFV are available so far.ASF swept almost all provinces and regions in the country and caused enormous economic loss to the swine industry since it spreads to China in 2018.At present,ASFV is spreading in many countries in the world and showing a growing trend.Therefore,there is a great risk of ASF epidemic rebound in China.In view of the fact that no breakthrough has been made in vaccines against ASFV,the research and development of the safe and effective anti-ASFV drugs are urgently needed for the control of ASF epidemic.Therefore,we reviewed the progress in research on potential drug targets and antiviral constituents against ASFV infection,and presented that pS273R,Topo II,E165R,DNA ligase,p72 and pA104R of ASFV and cellular microtubule are the most promising targets for ASF.Meanwhile,natural polyphenols,polysaccharides and flavonoids(such as genistein,apigenin,genkwanin and myricetin)have antiviral potential against ASFV.Furthermore,to provide important references for the design of anti-ASFV novel drugs,the paper also analyzed the existing problems(lack of clinical research evidence)in the research of anti-ASFV drugs and pointed out the research direction that needs to be strengthened in clinical trials in the future.