类器官模型在新型冠状病毒感染机制及抗病毒药物研究中的应用

Recent Progress on the Role of Organoids in COVID-19 Research

由新型冠状病毒引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎已成为严重的公共卫生问题,发病率和死亡率都很高。为了进一步加强对新冠病毒的认识、探明感染和传播的机制,研究者需要在体外建立SARS-CoV-2的实验模型。类器官作为近几年快速发展的细胞培养系统成为一种理想的研究模型。类器官是胚胎干细胞或诱导多能干细胞一定条件下分化成的多种细胞类型共同组成的迷你器官。它具有培养时间相对较短且不存在伦理道德问题等优点,可以应用于模拟SARS-CoV-2感染。本文介绍了肺、肠、大脑和肝脏等类器官在新冠研究中的应用,简述了不同类器官是如何被SARS-CoV-2感染的,以及通过类器官筛选出的有治疗作用的药物。本篇综述为新冠病毒的研究提供了可借鉴的思路。

Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has become a severe public health problem with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. To further understand the COVID-19 and to explore the mechanisms of its infection and transmission,scientists have established experimental models of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro,of which organoid is a cell culture system developed rapidly in recent years. Organoids can support SARS-CoV-2 infection. They can be differentiated into multiple cell types and cultured in a relatively short period of time. Furthermore,there is no ethical issue. In this review,the uses of lung,intestine,brain,liver,heart and eye organoids in COVID-19studies are summarized. Also,a brief description of how different organoids are infected by SARS-CoV-2 and the therapeutic drugs screened using organoids is presented. This review will provide important insights into future studies of COVID-19.