制度形塑:高质量就业结构的转向

System Shaping:The Transformation of High-quality Employment Structure

我国高质量就业结构的转型受到宏观和微观层面制度因素的双重影响。通过对政策文本以及调查数据中制度性影响因素的分析发现,2011—2021年我国就业质量整体上呈现波动中增长的态势。宏观层面,制度性因素通过政策制定、高质量发展战略推动等因素对就业质量进行调节,就业质量与经济发展密切相关。微观层面,制度性因素对于就业质量的影响体现于横向影响和纵向影响两点。横向来看,体制内工作的就业质量整体较高,其优势体现于就业稳定性和强度。体制外的私营企业收入较高,可弥补稳定性的不足,进而提升就业质量。纵向来看,制度因素通过或隐或显的方式对就业质量的不同纵向层级发挥了不同作用。在政策层面,需根据就业质量的动态变化和影响机制的异质性采取灵活的政策供给方式。此外,鼓励灵活就业、壮大新职业群体是促进更加充分就业的重要途径,也是促进更高质量就业的基础。

The transformation of China’s high-quality employment structure is affected by both macro and micro level institutional factors.Through the analysis of the institutional factors in the policy text and survey data,the article finds that the overall employment quality in China showed a fluctuating growth trend from 2011 to 2021.At the macro level,institutional factors regulate the quality of employment through policy formulation,high-quality development strategy promotion and others.The quality of employment is closely related to economic development.At the micro level,the impact of institutional factors on the quality of employment is reflected in the horizontal impact and vertical impact.Horizontally,the overall employment quality of public sector is high,and its advantages are reflected in the stability and intensity of employment.Working in private sector,especially in private enterprises,can make up for the lack of stability and improve the quality of employment.Vertically,institutional factors play different roles in different vertical levels of employment quality through implicit or explicit ways.From the policy level,we need to adopt a flexible policy supply mode according to the dynamic changes of employment quality.In addition,encouraging flexible employment and expanding new occupational groups are important ways to promote more full employment and the basis for promoting higher quality employment.